Comparative regional report on citizenship law: Anglophone Caribbean
Noncitizen Public/Government Workers
Another group to which special registration procedures apply are those who work in the
public service. Among the Anglophone Caribbean countries, only The Bahamas and Trinidad
and Tobago lack explicit avenues outside of normal naturalisation and/or registration
procedures for this group. The majority of the other 10 countries extend discretionary
registration procedures to Commonwealth citizens (or “First Schedule”) citizens who have
worked within their public service. In addition, most countries ask that the applicant be
ordinarily resident in the country, although less than a handful places a time frame on
residency. For instance, Dominica requires 3 years residency, Guyana 5 years, St. Kitts and
Nevis 14 years, and St. Lucia 7 years. Other conditions may apply (see the database), varying
by country.
Investor citizenship
Finally, five of the countries have special citizenship registration provisions for those who
invest in the country (Table 8). While St. Vincent and the Grenadines does not yet have an
explicit CBI programme, its Citizenship Act states that anyone who, over a five-year period,
has contributed to the “economic growth and development” of the country may be registered
as a citizen at the Minister’s discretion. As noted in the “Debates and Trends” section below,
the country is currently evaluating whether or not to introduce a CBI programme.
Of those who have established CBI programmes, that of St. Kitts and Nevis is the
oldest (both in the region and in the world). All countries with CBI programmes demand that
the applicant be at least 18 years of age, that s/he apply for citizenship via an authorised agent
and that s/he make a minimum investment in the country. All countries also demand
application-processing fees that can range in the tens of thousands of dollars.
With the exception of Grenada, none of the countries with CBI programmes stipulates
residency as a requirement of applying for citizenship. In fact, several tout the fact that an
individual does not even have to visit the country for an interview during the application
process. Grenada, however, requires the main applicant to first acquire permanent residency
and then, after 12 months of attaining permanent residency, s/he may apply for citizenship
and invest the necessary contribution into the National Transformation Fund.
As illustrated in Table 8, other relatives – spouse, child, parent, and in some cases, the
grandparent – of the main applicant are also allowed to register for citizenship under a
country’s CBI programme. For instance, in Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and St. Lucia,
the parent or grandparent of a CBI applicant need only be over 65 years old, living with the
main CBI applicant and fully dependent on the latter. A similar provision exists in Grenada,
but the parent or grandparent of the main applicant (or his or her spouse) must be at least 55
years old.
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RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-Comp. 2020/3 - © 2020 Authors