191. Ibid 192. IDMC, Africa Report on Internal Displacement, 9 December 2016, p.9, available at goo.gl/tQxutD 193. OCHA, Humanitarian bulletin: CAR, 13 September 2016, available at goo.gl/gGlJfM (French) 194. World Bank, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts, 2016, p.32-33, available at goo.gl/D2zXAZ 195. Ibid 196. OCHA, South Sudan homepage, available at goo. gl/Dt8yik 197. OCHA, South Sudan Humanitarian Snapshot, December 2016, available at goo.gl/905W4x 198. VOA, South Sudan Now Largest Refugee Crisis in Africa, 10 February 2017, available at goo. gl/3KFpa6 199. UNHCR, South Sudan situation regional update, 27 February 2017, available at goo.gl/a7HKVf 200. UNHCR, Over 26,000 people flee to Uganda to escape uncertainty in South Sudan, 22 July 2016, available at goo.gl/H6fDC9 201. REACH, Situation Overview: Displacement and Intentions in Greater Equatoria, South Sudan, 2 September 2016, p4, available at goo.gl/cGzlFJ 202. UN, Statement by Adama Dieng on the situation in South Sudan, 7 February 2017, available at goo. gl/97J7Zw 203. REACH, Akoba Port Monitoring, February 2017, available at goo.gl/fDyBr3 204. OCHA, Humanitarian Needs Overview 2017, 13 February 2017, available at goo.gl/9XTxLb 205. Ibid 206. World Bank, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts, 2016, p.12, available at goo.gl/D2zXAZ 207. UNHCR, Refugee stories, available at goo.gl/XOK5pL 208. Baviskar A, Breaking Homes, Making Cities: Class and Gender in the Politics of Urban Displacement, in Displaced by Development: Confronting Marginalisation and Gender Injustice, 2009 209. UNHCR, Survey Finds Syrian and Afghan Refugees Arriving to Greece are Escaping Conflict and Violence, 23 February 2016, available at goo.gl/jVG9Rb 210. UNHCR, Profiling of Afghan Arrivals on Greek Islands, January 2016, available at goo.gl/5w4uKE 211. REACH, Profile of Migrants Leaving the KRI, Iraq, March 2016, available at goo.gl/szQUlm 212. UNHCR, Survey Finds Syrian and Afghan Refugees Arriving to Greece are Escaping Conflict and Violence, 23 February 2016, available at goo.gl/jVG9Rb 213. Ibid; REACH, Profile of Migrants Leaving the KRI, Iraq, March 2016, available at goo.gl/szQUlm; UNHCR, Women on the Run: First-Hand Accounts of Refugees Leaving El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico, October 2015, available at goo. gl/NQrRPW 214. UNHCR, Profiling of Afghan Arrivals on Greek Islands, January 2016, available at goo.gl/vP01EU 215. UNHCR, Profiling of Syrian Arrivals on Greek Islands, January 2016, available at goo.gl/qUJU7H 216. Ibid 217. Ibid 218. UNHCR, Profiling of Afghan Arrivals on Greek Islands, January 2016, available at goo.gl/Bu1dyR 219. Guardian, EU deportation of migrants ‘adds to Afghanistan’s instability’, says UN, 1 November 2016, available at goo.gl/XcCYmP 220. World Bank, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a develop- 92 GRID 2017 ment approach supporting refugees, the internally displaced and their hosts, 2016, p.xxix, available at goo.gl/F18DGC 221. IRIN, Pushed out of Pakistan into war-torn Afghanistan, refugees are told to be ‘patient’, 13 April 2017, available at goo.gl/GOHWS7 222. World Bank, Sustainable Refugee Return: Triggers, constraints, and lessons on addressing the development challenges of forced displacement, 2015, available at goo.gl/0PP44Z 223. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghan Transnational Networks: Looking beyond Repatriation, 2006, available at goo.gl/eeBrD0; Arias, M, Ibañez A and Querubin P, The Desire to Return during Civil War: Evidence for Internally Displaced Populations in Colombia, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 209-233, 2004, available at goo.gl/c3CkKc (registration required) 224. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghan Transnational Networks: Looking beyond Repatriation, 2006, available at goo.gl/eeBrD0; DIIS, Dynamics of Return and Sustainable Reintegration in a Mobile Livelihoods Perspective, 2004, available at: goo.gl/nKA4Oc 225. World Bank, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a development approach supporting refugees, the internally displaced and their hosts, 2016, p.84, available at goo.gl/D2zXAZ 226. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghan Transnational Networks: Looking beyond Repatriation, 2006, available at goo.gl/eeBrD0 227. World Bank, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a development approach supporting refugees, the internally displaced and their hosts, 2016, p.xix, available at goo.gl/D2zXAZ 228. JRS, Repatriation and Integration of Liberian Refugees from Ghana: The Importance of Personal Networks in the Country of Origin, 2013, available at goo.gl/XFtkbY 229. World Bank, Sustainable Refugee Return: Triggers, constraints, and lessons on addressing the development challenges of forced displacement, 2015, available at goo.gl/0PP44Z 230. UNHCR, Repatriation Handbook, March 1996, available at goo.gl/f2G3Q5 231. World Bank, Sustainable Refugee Return: Triggers, constraints, and lessons on addressing the development challenges of forced displacement, 2015, available at goo.gl/0PP44Z 232. Goodwin Gill G, International Law and the Movement of Persons Between States, Oxford University Press, 1978, p.201 233. Geopolitics, Deportation and the Micropolitics of Exclusion: The Rise of Removals from the UK to Sri Lanka, April 2012, available at goo.gl/keZE2S (purchase required) 234. IPI Global Observatory, The Regional Cost of North Americas Deportation Drive, October 2016, available at goo.gl/ofzVH7 235. Amnesty International, Home sweet home? Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador’s role in a deepening refugee crisis, 2016, available at goo.gl/bCc5K4 236. The Guardian, EU’s secret ultimatum to Afghanistan: accept 80,000 deportees or lose aid, 28 September 2016, available at goo.gl/N85sl1 237. Uutiset, Finnish police carrying out forced returns of rejected Iraqi asylum seekers, 2 December 2016, available at goo.gl/JDZ8E9 238. Migration Studies, What happens post-deportation? The experience of deported Afghans, 2013, p.1-19, available at goo.gl/vFuoZs (registration required) 239. ICG, Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central