Chapter 2 1.25 per cent of the global gross domestic product.21 These nations already face severe structural barriers to sustainable development, and usually have the least resources to respond to the needs of people seeking refuge.22 Altogether, nine of the top ten refugee-hosting countries were in developing regions (according to the United Nations Statistics Division classification) and 84 per cent of refugees lived in these countries.23 As has been the case since 2014, Turkey was the country hosting the largest refugee population, with 3.7 million at the end of 2018, up from 3.5 million in December 2017 [Figure 6]. The vast majority of refugees in Turkey were from Syria with 3,622,400 making up more than 98 per cent of the entire refugee population. In 2018, there were 397,600 newly registered Syrian refugees and 113,100 newborns in Turkey. In addition, there were 39,100 refugees from Iraq, as well as smaller numbers from the Islamic Republic of Iran (8,700) and Afghanistan (6,600).24 At the end of 2018, Pakistan hosted the second largest refugee population with 1.4 million refugees. This population is similar in size to that reported at the end of 2017 with the addition of newborns balanced out by reductions mainly due to returns. The refugee population in Pakistan continued to be almost exclusively from Afghanistan.25 Uganda continued to host a large refugee population, numbering 1,165,700 at the end of 2018, a decline from the 1,350,500 reported at the end of 2017. While Uganda continued to receive new refugee arrivals throughout the year, this decline was mainly due to a verification exercise undertaken between March and October 2018. Uganda was host to refugee populations from several countries, the largest being from South Sudan (with 788,800 at the end of 2018), followed by DRC (303,100). There were also sizeable populations of refugees from Burundi (32,500), Somalia (18,800) and Rwanda (14,000). The refugee population in Sudan increased by about 19 per cent over the course of 2018 to just 18 over 1 million, with Sudan becoming the country with the fourth largest refugee population. Most refugees were from South Sudan (852,100), followed by Eritrea (114,500), Syria (93,500), CAR (7,000) and Ethiopia (6,000). During 2018, the refugee population in Germany continued to increase, numbering 1,063,800 at the end of the year. More than half were from Syria (532,100), while other countries of origin included Iraq (136,500), Afghanistan (126,000), Eritrea (55,300), the Islamic Republic of Iran (41,200), Turkey (24,000), Somalia (23,600), Serbia and Kosovo (S/RES/1244 (1999)) (9,200), the Russian Federation (8,100), Pakistan (7,500) and Nigeria (6,400). The registered refugee population in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the sixth largest refugee-hosting country, remained unchanged at 979,400 at the end of 2018.26 The vast majority were from Afghanistan (951,100), with a smaller number from Iraq (28,300). The refugee population in Lebanon also declined slightly, mainly due to data reconciliation, deregistration, and departures for resettlement. However, Lebanon still hosted nearly 1 million refugees at the end of 2018 (949,700), compared with 998,900 at the end of 2017. Most refugees in Lebanon were from Syria (944,200), with an additional 4,500 from Iraq. 21 International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019. 2018 estimates for current prices nominal GDP. imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx 22 See: unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/ for a list of Least Developed Countries. 23 See: unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/ for a list of countries included under each region. 24 The numbers reported on nationalities other than Syrian relate to numbers from UNHCR as of 10 September 2018. As of this date, UNHCR Turkey phased out its role in registering foreigners wishing to apply for international protection and the Government of Turkey moved to a fully decentralized procedure for all individuals seeking international protection. The numbers of new arrivals and births among Syrians were reported by the Government of Turkey. 25 Pakistan hosted large numbers of undocumented Afghans. 26 The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran registers all refugees in the country. With the exception of refugees in settlements, UNHCR has most recently received only the aggregate number of refugees from the Government in May 2015. unhcr > Global trends 2018