Per cent Figure 22 Male and female labour force participation rates of Palestinian refugees aged 20 years and above and currently not enrolled by ex-Gaza status and educational attainment (n=96,099). 100 Other ex-Gazans, MEN 80 Other Palestinian refugees, MEN 60 Ex-Gazans, Jerash, MEN Other Palestinian refugees, WOMEN Other ex-Gazans, WOMEN 40 20 0 Ex-Gazans, Jerash, WOMEN No schooling Elementary Preparatory/ Basic Secondary Post-secondary Unemployment Whilst the labour force participation rate is lower amongst ex-Gazans in Jerash camp, unemployment is also higher than amongst the other two groups: 15% as compared with 11% for ex-Gazans in other camps and 13% for other Palestinian refugees. The expanded unemployment rate, which also considers those who report being unemployed but not actively seeking work (some of whom would be considered discouraged workers), raises the figure for each group by just above one percentage point. As depicted in Figure 23, the male unemployment rate is consistently higher for ex-Gazans in Jerash for ages 25 to 59. The female and male unemployment rates in Jerash camp are at about the same level (respectively 14% and 15%), whilst the female rate is higher than the male rate for other exGazans (20% versus 12%) and other Palestinian refugees (16% versus 13%). Per cent Figure 23 Male unemployment rate by ex-Gaza status and five-year age groups (n=42,291). 50 40 Ex-Gazans, Jerash 30 Other ex-Gazans 20 Other Palestinian refugees 10 0 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70+ 5-year age groups While educational attainment was found to have a positive effect on labour force participation for both women and men, it is also associated with unemployment. However, the effect is reverse for women and men: improved education increases the likelihood of women being unemployed but to some degree ‘protects’ men against joblessness (Figure Fafo Report 2019:34 64