Table 8 Household income sources (grouped) past 12 months by ex-Gaza status. Percentage of households reporting each type of income (n=39,336). Wage income Selfemployment income Transfer income Property income Other income Ex-Gazans, Jerash 62 27 60 2 4 Other ex-Gazans 68 25 27 3 3 Other Palestinian refugees 66 22 46 4 4 All households 66 23 46 4 4 In contrast, reliance on transfer income is much more widespread among ex-Gazans in Jerash than among the other groups, with 60% of households receiving some form of transfer income, compared to only 27% of ex-Gaza households outside Jerash. Despite other Palestinian refugees being on average better off than ex-Gazans outside Jerash, they more often receive transfer income, with 46% of households reporting some transfer income in the past 12 months. Sixteen per cent of ex-Gaza households in Jerash camp rely solely on transfer income, which is roughly the same proportion as amongst other Palestinian refugees (17%) but higher than amongst ex-Gazans in other camps (11%). Ex-Gazans in Jerash are also the group which most often reports having two or more of the grouped sources of income listed in Table 8: 50% of ex-Gazans in Jerash, as compared with 24% of ex-Gazans in other camps and 35% of non-ex-Gazans report having two or more sources of income, something which is a consequence of their meagre incomes and being transfer recipients. This picture is partially explained by considering the sources of transfer income reported by each group (Table 9). Non-ex-Gazans more often report receiving pension payments and assistance from the National Aid Fund (NAF). This is to be expected, as Jordanian citizenship is a condition of eligibility for NAF assistance (NAF 2012, 2015), while the higher proportion of non-ex-Gazans receiving pension income gives some indication as to the different type of employment available to Jordanian citizens, a topic addressed in some detail in our discussion of labour force and employment (chapter 6), with citizens able to work in the government sector, a major pension provider. On the other hand, non-NAF poverty assistance is clearly more concentrated in Jerash: The proportion of ex-Gaza households in Jerash reporting to receive poverty assistance from UNRWA is 12 percentage points higher than ex-Gaza households in other camps52, while five times as many ex-Gaza households in Jerash receive NGO or Zakat Fund support compared to ex-Gaza households in other camps. This reflects in part an awareness of the poor situation in Jerash among humanitarian actors and continued efforts at poverty alleviation in this camp, something we will return to in our discussions below, as well as the levels of poverty in the camp. Ex-Gazans outside Jerash benefit slightly less often from the aforementioned sources of poverty support than Palestinian refugees with a national ID. Note that UNRWA only provides poverty assistance to refugees displaced originally in 1948 and their descendants. 52 Fafo Report 2019:34 36