(41% of ex-Gaza households in Jerash compared to only 23% of ex-Gaza households elsewhere and 19% of other Palestinian refugees) and they are under-represented in the three upper income quintiles, with only around half as many in the highest income quintile (11% of ex-Gazans in Jerash fall into the highest income quintile, compared to 18% of exGazans in other camps and 19% of other Palestinian camp refugees). Per cent Figure 4 Annual per capita household income groups (quintiles) by ex-Gaza status. Percentage of households (n=39,245). 60 Other Palestinian refugees 50 Other ex-Gazans 40 Ex-Gazans, Jerash 30 20 10 0 Lowest income Low income Middle income High income Highest income Mean and median per capita income figures confirm the picture painted by the graph and underscore the lower income levels of ex-Gazans in Jerash camp (Table 2). Moreover, measured in per capita terms, the income gap of ex-Gazans in Jerash appears even starker, while the other two groups face broadly similar distributions. For example, the median per capita annual income for ex-Gazans in Jerash camp is 432 JD compared to 600 JD for the two other population groups. Table 7 Median and mean annual per capita household income in JD by ex-Gaza status (n=39,245). 25th percentile Median 75th percentile Mean Ex-Gazans, Jerash 273 432 688 562 Other ex-Gazans 400 600 900 733 Other Palestinian refugees 414 600 900 769 All households 400 600 900 754 Sources of income Wage income is the most common source of income for all Palestinian refugees in camps, with about two-thirds of camp households reporting some wage income (Table 8). Wage income remains important for ex-Gazans in Jerash, with 62% reporting wage income in the past 12 months, but somewhat less so than for ex-Gazans in other camps (68%) and other Palestinian refugees (66%). This is in accordance with the higher labour force participation rate found amongst ex-Gazans outside Jerash and begins to suggest a pattern of underemployment in Jerash compared to compensatory employment amongst exGazans in other camps. The possible reasons for this will be explored in more detail below. ‘Just getting by’ Ex-Gazans in Jerash and other refugee camps in Jordan 35