Notes 1 Sanjay Barbora, ‘The Crisis of Citizenship in Assam’, The India Forum (online), 16 May 2019 <https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/ crisis-citizenship-assam>; Walter Fernandes, ‘IMDT Act and Immigration in North-Eastern India’ (2005) 40 Economic and Political Weekly 3237, 3238-3240; Navine Murshid, ‘Assam and the Foreigner Within: Illegal Bangladeshis or Bengali Muslims’ (2016) 56 (3) Asian Survey 581, 584-597. 2 See resources in Anindita Kar, Shreedhar Manek, and Kieran Lobo ‘The Curious Case of Citizenship in Assam: A Look at the 1980s Agitation’ EPW Engage <https://www.epw.in/engage/discussion/citizenship-in-assam-1980-agitation-nrc>; Anupama Roy, ‘Ambivalence of Citizenship in Assam’ (2016) 51 Economic and Political Weekly 45. 3 Assam Public Works v. Union of India, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 274/2009, 2 August 2013 (Supreme Court of India); Mohsin Alam Bhat, ‘On the NRC, Even the Supreme Court is Helpless’, The Wire (online), 7 January 2019 <https://thewire.in/law/nrc-supreme-court-crisis>; Gautam Bhatia, ‘The Troubling Legacy of Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi’, The Wire (online), 18 November 2019 <https://thewire.in/law/ chief-justice-ranjan-gogoi-legacy>. 4 Government of Assam: Office of the State Coordinator of National Registration (NRC), Assam, NRC in a nutshell, <http://nrcassam.nic. in/nrc-nutshell.html>. 5 Rohini Mohan, ‘Inside India’s Sham Trials that could Strip Millions of Citizenship’, Vice News (online), 29 July 2019 <https://news. vice.com/en_us/article/3k33qy/worse-than-a-death-sentence-inside-indias-sham-trials-that-could-strip-millions-of-citizenship>; Jessica Field et al, ‘Bureaucratic Failings in the National Register of Citizens Process have Worsened Life for the Vulnerable in Assam’, (Report, O.P. JGU in association with Development and Justice Initiative, 2019) <http://hdl.handle.net/10739/2812>. 6 Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1724, Lok Sabha Question and Answer Portal <http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/171/AU1724.pdf>. 7 ‘Designed to exclude: How India’s courts are Allowing Foreigners Tribunals to Render People Stateless in Assam’, (Report, Amnesty International India, 2019) <https://amnesty.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Assam-Foreigners-Tribunals-Report-1.pdf>; Letter from the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; The Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, to the Government of India, 27 May 2019 <https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=24614>; Talha Abdul Rahman, ‘Identifying the ‘Outsider’: An Assessment of Foreigners Tribunals in the Indian State of Assam’, (2020) 2(1) Statelessness and Citizenship Review <https://statelessnessandcitizenshipreview.com/index.php/journal/article/view/141>. 8 Letter from the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; and the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of religion or Belief, to the Government of India, 11 June 2018 <https://www.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/Documents/Issues/Racism/SR/Communications/ OL_IND13_2018_Jun18.pdf&action=default&DefaultItemOpen=1>. 9 ‘Between fear and Hatred, Surviving Migration Detention in Assam’, (Report, Amnesty India, 2018) <https://amnesty.org.in/assamdetention-centres/>; M. Malhi, ‘How Covid-19 Measures Reinforce the Indefinite Detention of India’s ‘Foreigners’’ on Border Criminologies (3 July 2020) <https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/ blog/2020/07/how-covid-19-0>. 10 Vasanthi Venkatesh and Fahad Ahmad, ‘Rewriting India: The Construction of the ‘Hindutva’ Citizen in the Indian State’, (2020) Third World Approaches to International Law Review <https://twailr.com/rewriting-india-the-construction-of-the-hindutva-citizen-in-theindian-state/>. 11 Some of these commitments include the building of a Hindu temple at the disputed site of Babri Masjid, a 16th century mosque, the imposition of a common family law called the ‘Uniform Civil Code’, and the revocation of the special status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. 12 Edward Anderson and Christophe Jaffrelot, ‘Hindu Nationalism and the Saffronisation of the Public Sphere: An Interview with Christophe Jaffrelot’ (2018) Contemporary South Asia, 468-482; Christophe Jaffrelot, ‘The Fate of Secularism in India’ in Milan Vasihnav (ed.), The BJP in Power: Indian Democracy and Religious Nationalism, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2019) 51-62. 13 For full text of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, see, <http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214646.pdf>; ‘Citizenship Amendment Bill: India’s New ‘Anti-Muslim’ Law Explained’, BBC News (online), 11 December 2019 <https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-india-50670393>. 14 Farrah Ahmed, ‘Arbitrariness, Subordination and Unequal Citizenship’, (2020) Indian Law Review <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ full/10.1080/24730580.2020.1761142>. 15 Niraja Gopal Jayal, ‘Faith Based Citizenship: The Dangerous Path India is Choosing’, The India Forum (online), 13 November 2019 <https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/faith-criterion-citizenship>. 16 These rights are contained in the ICCPR, ICESCR, and the CRC, which are prominent human rights conventions that India is a signatory to; Also, see, IA in Deb Mukharji v. Union of India and Ors., WP (Civil) No. 1474 of 2019, <https://scobserver-production.s3.amazonaws. com/uploads/case_document/document_upload/1193/Intervention_Application_by_UNHCR.pdf>. 17 Jayal, above n 15. 18 Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Publication of Gazette Notification for Preparation and Updation of Population Register and the Field Work for House to House Enumeration between the 1st Day of April, 2020 to 30th September 2020, <https://censusindia. gov.in/2011-Act&Rules/notifications/NPR%20gazette%20notification.pdf>; ‘India National Population Register: Database Agreed Amid Protests’, BBC (online), 24 December 2019, <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50903056>. 19 Shoaib Danyal, ‘2010 NPR is not the Answer to NRC Concerns – It Indirectly Records Parents’ Date and Place of Birth’, Scroll.in (online),