Budapest actively lobbied. In 2010, the government of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán introduced a law guaranteeing Hungarian passports to anyone who could pass a language test and offer proof of ancestors “deprived of Hungarian citizenship” during 20th century territory shuffles. […] The new education law has some valid goals in terms of better integrating residents of the country’s south-western oblasts into civic life. Zakarpattian schoolchildren, along with their heavily Romanian-speaking neighbours in Chernivtsi, consistently have the country’s highest failure rate on university entrance exams, which revolve around Ukrainian-language proficiency. In both 2016 and 2017, roughly 27 per cent of college-bound Zakarpattians failed the state exam; some estimate that this included over half of Hungarian-language high schoolers.” UK Home Office, Country Policy and Information Note – Ukraine: Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk (Version 3.0), September 2017 "The USSD’s 2016 report stated, ‘During the year many Roma fled settlements in areas controlled by Russian-backed separatists and moved elsewhere in the country. According to Chiricli approximately 10,000 Roma were among the most vulnerable members of the country’s IDP community. Because many Roma lacked documents, obtaining IDP assistance, medical care, and education was especially difficult.’151 7.5.2 The same report added, ‘Romani activists expressed concern that some Roma in eastern areas could not afford to flee conflict areas, while others had no choice but to leave their homes.’" Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic, Ukraine – Current status, treatment and assistance available to IDPs in Ukraine, 4 April 2017 "NGOs reported employment discrimination against IDPs. Some IDPs, particularly those in governmentcontrolled Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, lacked sufficient sanitation, shelter, and access to potable water. IDPs continued to have difficulty obtaining education, medical care, and necessary documents. Romani activists expressed concern that some Roma in eastern Ukraine could not afford to flee the conflict areas, while others had no choice but to leave their homes." DESYATE KVITNYA R2P, Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion European Network on Statelessness European Roma Rights Centre Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 28th Session of the Universal Periodic Review, (Third Cycle, 6-17 November 2017) Ukraine, 30 March 2017 “ […] Cumulatively, these provisions make birth registration inaccessible to some of the most vulnerable persons in Ukraine, including the Roma and asylum seekers. They also undermine the right of every child to acquire Ukrainian nationality, in contradiction to Ukraine’s international obligations under the 1961 Convention, the ECN and the CRC […]" OHCHR, Human Rights Council holds separate dialogues on Ukraine and on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 September 2016 "Minority Rights Group expressed concern over the situation of the Roma minority and the indigenous Crimean Tatars in Ukraine. It was furthermore concerned about the continued detention of Crimean Tatars on politically motivated charges. It called on the Ukrainian authorities to ensure the safe return of the Roma population of Loschynivka to their homes. […] Furthermore, the Housing Code of Ukraine restricted the right to social housing to citizens, which was not only discrimination based on citizenship but indirectly discriminated against Roma who often lacked personal documentation and did not have citizenship. […] Still, weaknesses remained and Roma suffered violence and racially motivated acts against them, as individuals and as a community. They lacked access to education: one in five had no education, one in four could not read or write in Ukrainian, and 12 per cent could not understand Ukrainian. The Roma lacked identification papers and had difficulties in obtaining them, and funds were lacking to implement programmes for the Roma, including the Roma Strategy 2020." 58