Suzan El Tahhan
Bidoons: A Statelessness Plight in Kuwait
مجلة الدراسات القانونية واالقتصادية
all those who have been naturalized, such as foreign wives of Kuwaiti nationals and
foreigners other than Bidoons. 71
There are no legal entitlements to durable solutions in International Refugee as
well as Statelessness Laws; they are not rights per se and remain at the discretion of
states.72 This imposes challenges, as, although the international community needs to
work with durable solutions as "answers" to refugees together with stateless
conditions, core aspects of them are still rather feeble.73
Durable solutions for refugees cannot be attained by UNHCR alone. This task
requires UN system-wide consideration and systematic inclusion of all parties of
concern. The aim of working in partnership with the World Bank, bilateral
development partners, and the UN is that such a cross-cutting concern will be seen
as a collective task, and those sister agencies, the donor and development
communities, will inscribe this imperative on their agenda. In this way, the
opportunities could be maximized in better responding to the challenges inherent in
refugees as well as stateless issues.74 I would talk about this in detail in chapter three:
Role of UNHCR, Civil Society, and "Cultural Appropriation" in Overcoming This
Legal-Cultural Paradox.
71
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), The situation of stateless persons in the Middle East and North
Africa, October 2010, P.33, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cea28072.html [accessed 21 December
2015].
72
TÜRK, Volker; DOWD, Rebecca, Protection Gaps, In: FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH, Elena; LOESCHER, Gil; LONG,
Katy; SIGONA, Nando, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 2014, P. 284-85.
73
Liliana Lyra Jubilut and André de Lima Madureira, Durable Solutions For Refugees: Principles And
Implementation Strategy Of A General Framework, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Human
Rights Student Blog, 21 November 2016, Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/humanrights/2016/11/21/durablesolutions-for-refugees-principles-and-implementation-strategy-of-a-general-framework/ [accessed 5 February 2019]
74
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Framework for Durable Solutions for Refugees and Persons of
Concern, Page 6, May 2003, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/4124b6a04.html [accessed 6 February
2019]
30