Abbreviations vi BISP Benazir Income Support Program BRIS Birth Registration Information System CCT Conditional Cash Transfer CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CGD Center for Global Development CNIC Computerized National Identity Card CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child CRVS Civil Registration and Vital Statistics ICT Information and Communication Technology ID4D Identification for Development IDP Internally Displaced Person NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NGO Nongovernmental Organization RENAP National Civil Registry (Registro Nacional de las Personas) SDG Sustainable Development Goal UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ID: GENDER-BASED LEGAL BARRIERS AGAINST WOMEN AND GOOD PRACTICE REFORMS