Previous UPR and UN Treaty bodies’ recommendations to Romania 6. Romania was previously reviewed under the Universal Periodic Review during the 29th session in 2018 (Third Cycle) and accepted a recommendation from Norway to ‘provide funding and human resources in rural areas to reduce and eliminate disparities, with particular focus on […] access to birth registration’.5 In the 23rd session in 2013 (Second Cycle), Romania accepted recommendations from Mexico to ‘amend the Citizenship Law to ensure that all persons born in Romania obtain a nationality; otherwise they would be stateless, regardless of the status of the parents’6; from Uruguay to ‘implement comprehensive awareness raising strategies for hospital staff, administrators and other health professionals regarding their responsibilities to register births and facilitate the issuance of birth certificates, without any delay’7; and from Slovakia to ‘consider amending the Citizenship Law to include safeguards against statelessness, providing that children born in the Romanian territory, who would otherwise be stateless, acquire Romanian nationality’.8 7. In 2017, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recommended that Romania ‘strengthen community-based services to ensure that all children, including those in rural communities, have access to birth registration without delay’ and reiterated its previous recommendation to ensure that children in street situations receive national identification documents.9 8. In 2017, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) recommended that Romania ‘[d]evelop measures to identify unregistered children and ensure that all children born in the territory of the State party, in particular Roma children, are registered at birth to ensure their access to education, social services, health care and citizenship, and allocate adequate funding for the implementation of the strategy for the inclusion of Romanian citizens belonging to the Roma minority, covering the period 2012-2020, and expedite the adoption of action plans with clear time bound targets.’10 9. The Committee against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) recommended in 2015 that Romania ‘consider establishing a statelessness determination procedure.’11 5 A/HRC/38/6 (5 April 2018), 114.79, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/084/74/PDF/G1808474.pdf?OpenElement. 6 A/HRC/23/5 (21 Mar 2013), 109.105, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G13/124/42/PDF/G1312442.pdf?OpenElement. 7 A/HRC/23/5 (21 Mar 2013), 109.113, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G13/124/42/PDF/G1312442.pdf?OpenElement. 8 A/HRC/23/5 (21 Mar 2013), 109.149, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G13/124/42/PDF/G1312442.pdf?OpenElement. 9 CRC/C/ROU/CO/5 (13 July 2017), 21 and 42, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G17/190/55/PDF/G1719055.pdf?OpenElement. 10 CEDAW/C/ROU/CO/7-8 (24 July 2017), 37, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/227/97/PDF/N1722797.pdf?OpenElement. 11 CAT/C/ROU/CO/2 (5 June 2015), 12, https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G15/115/39/PDF/G1511539.pdf?OpenElement. 2