Data on stateless persons is not collected for every migration category. Data on stateless persons was also not included in the Citizenship table. Given the inability of most stateless persons to travel, figures for the temporary and permanent residency application, work permits for humanitarian and compassionate grounds, International Mobility and temporary foreign worker program permit holder, and international student categories need to be further qualified by IRCC. Recommendations Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) should: 1. IRCC must define ‘stateless’ persons according to international law and remove ‘stateless persons’ from the category of ‘foreign national’. 2. Clarify and include notes on the point at which data on stateless persons is collected, and the organisations involved. 3. Clarify whether the ‘stateless’ category comprises those with ‘unknown nationality’. 4. Implement reporting mechanisms that capture whether statelessness was a primary or significant ground for acceptance in humanitarian and compassionate applications. 5. Implement reporting mechanisms that capture whether establishment in Canada or best interests of affected Canadian citizen children are grounds by which cases are assessed in humanitarian and compassionate applications. 6. Report whether stateless individuals are granted permanent residency in Canada via humanitarian and compassionate grounds or private or government sponsorship. 7. Report the change in status of those stateless persons who acquire Canadian citizenship, so as to accurately report the number of stateless persons in Canada. 8. Include data on stateless individuals in the Citizenship data table. Canada Border Services Agency Collecting and Reporting Data At the point of interaction with the CBSA, that is, at the Canadian border, the Agency collects “a variety of biographical information” that is inputted into three data management systems, and includes citizenship and whether a person is stateless. These data management systems record ‘stateless’ and ‘unknown nationalities’ separately. The CBSA confirmed it does not have a definition of ‘statelessness’ but stated “the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations section 241 does refer to removal to any country that will authorize entry, which does not have to be of [the country of] citizenship”. Inadmissibility CBSA reported that 3,378 stateless people were inadmissible to Canada from the years 2003 – 2014. Furthermore, stateless persons deemed inadmissible at the United States border numbered 1,565; those deemed inadmissible at an (unspecified) airport numbered 294; and stateless persons deemed 13