NO SAFE HAVEN try to move on ‘illegally’ – usually at the hands of human traffickers, once again exposing them to physical abuse, extortion and exportation. Initially, refugees’ freedom of movement while living in the shelters is tightly restricted, and Indonesian security forces closely guard the building perimeters. However, after several months, security is relaxed, and authorities “turn a blind eye” when Rohingya refugees escape, often enlisting human traffickers to help them reach Malaysia.171 Local NGO workers expressed dismay that there was no way of tracking or monitoring refugees, particularly refugee children, after they disappear from the shelters. For the most part, they are forced to wait until community networks in Malaysia report that a particular individual has arrived in the country safely. The situation in the shelters themselves can also present protection concerns for children. As well as restrictions on movement, there are reports of domestic violence.172 Moreover, while the Acehnese community has provided support and assistance to Rohingya refugees, the generally poor economic situation in the area has sparked concerns about communal tensions unless programmes also specifically target the host community. 28 Refugees in Indonesia do not have the legal right to work, although they do often engage in informal income-generating activities, which puts them at increased risk of arrest if they or their places of work are raided or reported. As with other communities, men and older adolescent boys without documentation are disproportionately at risk. However, in 2018, the Director General of Immigration announced an end to the regime of detaining refugees and asylum-seekers on the basis of their legal status, and today, detained refugees are usually quickly released following intervention by UNHCR.173 Despite this, and despite the clear needs of refugee communities, the Indonesian government has tended to shy away from discussion of refugees’ right to work, instead, talking about “empowering” them in exchange for financial compensation.174

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