Several African initiatives illustrate effective strategies: a) Uganda's Open-Door Policy Uganda's 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations are often cited as among the world's most progressive. Uganda grants refugees freedom of movement, work, and land access, and integrates them into communities. The outcome is largely positive: higher education enrollment among refugee children, and booming markets in refugee-hosting districts. However, challenges remain (tension with host poor communities, funding shortfalls), showing that even good policies need constant support.52 b) Kenya's Kakuma/Kalobeyei Model Kenya's new 2021 Refugee Act and the Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement plan show a shift from camps to towns. Hosting over 50,000 refugees, Kalobeyei is co-managed with Turkana County government and development partners, aiming to serve both refugees and local people.53 Early results include new businesses, schools, and joint water projects. The Kenyan law's recognition of refugee contributions (a 3% local GDP boost, per one report) and its abolition of encampment mark a significant policy shift.54 c) Ethiopia's IDP Policy and Refugee Law Ethiopia's 2019 Refugee Proclamation allows temporary residence, work, and education for refugees, and even possibilities for eventual naturalization. Ethiopia also piloted a national IDP policy that outlined government roles for IDP response, drawing on Kampala. Ethiopia's OmoTurkana cross-border peace dialogues show how local mediation can reduce displacement triggers. d) National Initiatives on Statelessness Liberia's 2019 law and subsequent implementation program stand out. By granting nationality to stateless children and removing literacy/nativity tests, Liberia set an example of legal reform to end statelessness. Senegal (2013) launched a countryside birth registration campaign, dramatically increasing documented citizenship. In Côte d'Ivoire, post-conflict reforms included regularizing nationality for disenfranchised groups. e) Lessons from Best Practices Progressive legal frameworks (especially granting rights, not just camps) improve outcomes.55 Integration of refugees in local economies can boost development.56 Addressing statelessness requires both law reform and political will, including ending gender discrimination.57 52 World Bank, "An Assessment of Uganda's Progressive Approach to Refugee Management" (n 44) (describing the 2006 Act and 2010 Regulations as embodying freedom of movement, right to work, and land access for refugees). 53 Refugees International, "The New Refugee Act in Kenya" (n 8). 54 Ibid (reporting a 3% local GDP contribution by refugees in Kenya according to cited research). 55 World Bank (n 44); Coniglio, Peragine and Vurchio (n 4). 56 World Bank (n 44) (documenting economic contributions by refugees in Uganda including agricultural surpluses and small business activity). 57 Stateless Hub, "Africa Region Overview" (n 8); UNHCR, Global Action Plan to End Statelessness (n 43).