Noncitizenism 25 achievement (if they’re Lockean) or for some other reason (indeed, not all liberals are contractarians, though contractarians may struggle the most to incorporate noncitizens). In the noncitizen relationship, that submission cannot be of the same sort. Indeed, noncitizenship is generated by the creation and sustaining of the State irrespective of the interests of noncitizens – but also, noncitizenship is constructed by States irrespective of whether those States intended to construct it. Noncitizenship, then, is at core necessarily a very different sort of relationship. Irrespective of how citizenship is defined, noncitizenship cannot be contractarian. A liberal theory must, then, include an account of how a State built upon liberal democratic principles, even one organised along contractarian, or hypothetical contractarian, lines can explain its relationship to such individuals. Noncitizenism does not only advocate recognition of noncitizenship, but also drives the development of a theoretical framework that can better address reality more generally. Noncitizenship as presented here is compatible with a variety of liberal democratic positions and the relationship of noncitizenship could be incorporated into most liberal perspectives. It advocates the inclusion of individuals who, by definition, in some dimension do not fit within the liberal State system as currently conceived. Throughout this book, there are examples of individuals who, because of a mismatch of laws and policies, find themselves falling between the cracks in the citizenist organisation of the world. There are also examples of individuals who disagree with their position in the current State structure, either because there is no State representing their interests and history, or because the State system is currently constructed and is unable inadequately is unable to take into account their way of life, for example because of their regular mobility. There are also individuals who traverse modes of noncitizen relationship, so that, unable to participate in the citizenist system in one position, they relocate in order to try to access it in some other way. A theoretical structure that assumes citizenism will find it difficult to analyse and recognise these and other perspectives. Acknowledging unhyphenated noncitizenship could enable a currently citizenist structure to take this individual relationship into account without much additional revision.