are excluded from participating in planning processes and bodies that make determinations and plans concerning their lands.84 1.2.5. Institutionalized Segregation, Fragmentation, and Isolation The Israeli segregation policy is multifaceted, resulting in geographical, ideological, and national fragmentation of the Palestinian people.85 This policy of categorization and isolation not only separates Palestinians from Israeli-Jews, but it also further divides and creates a hierarchy of rights among Palestinians themselves. On top of the legal divisions, Israel divides the Palestinian population geographically in order to separate and isolate communities. Israel has never dealt with Palestinians as one people; instead, it adopts an approach to Palestinian people that deals with and accords them differential treatment based on separate local communities, geographic areas, geopolitical entities, religious minorities, or non-Jewish individuals. The ultimate aim is to erase Palestinian national unity and identity and to perpetuate its colonial domination and denial of Palestinians’ right to self-determination, while creating an exclusively Israeli-Jewish space.86 1.2.6. Denial of Access to Natural Resources and Services The denial of access to natural resources and services has a collective character, impacting the Palestinian people in general. Besides their collective impact, the policies of denial of access to natural resources and services are inherently intertwined and, as such, the denial of one can often result in the denial of the other. On the one hand, Israel unlawfully controls Palestinian natural resources through a variety of military, administrative, and political mechanisms. Mandatory Palestine is rich in natural resources such as water, natural gas, and mineral deposits, most of which are monopolized by Israel for its sole benefit. Thus, they are inaccessible to the Palestinian people, thereby significantly diminishing the possibility of Palestinians exercising their right of self-determination. On the other hand, the denial of access to services can either be the result of the denial of natural resources or a standalone policy. The lack of services has a detrimental effect on the provision of education, health, and sanitation services as well as the right to work and to an adequate standard of living and housing guaranteed under international law. Further, the denial of services amounts to institutionalized discrimination against Palestinians, while its de 84 BADIL, Forced Population Transfer: The Case of Palestine - Discriminatory Zoning and Planning (BADIL 2014) [hereinafter BADIL, Discriminatory Zoning and Planning] <http://badil.org/phocadownloadpap/badil-new/publications/ research/working-papers/wp17-zoninig-plannig-en.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 85 See the withdrawn report issued by UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Israeli practices towards the Palestinian People and the Question of Apartheid (15 March 2017 ) E/ESCWA/ECRI/2017/1<https://www. middleeastmonitor.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/201703_UN_ESCWA-israeli-practices-palestinianpeople-apartheid-occupation-english.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 86 BADIL, Forced Population Transfer: The Case of Palestine – Segregation, Fragmentation, and Isolation (Working Paper No. 23, BADIL 2020) <https://www.badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/19/wp23-sfi-1618823935.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 16