Executive Summary The survey has five chapters. Chapter 1 of the Survey discusses the ongoing Nakba and sets the historic scene for the state of affairs in which Palestinians find themselves today. Supplementing the historic overview, which encompasses the period from the occupation by the British in 1917 to today, Chapter 1 explores a number of current political developments highlighting the ongoing failure of the international community and the environment in which Israel’s colonial-apartheid policies are allowed to function. The current political climate in which Palestinian refugees and IDPs find themselves has been heavily determined by the crimes committed by Israel, with increased colonial expansion and house demolitions, continued assaults against Gaza, the criminalization of Palestinian CSOs, and aggressive repression of Palestinians throughout all of Mandatory Palestine. Israel’s impunity continues to be protected by the United States of America under the Biden Administration along with the rest of the international community, particularly the EU with regards to its conditional funding requirements placed on the Palestinian Authority, Palestinian CSOs and UNRWA. Chapter 2 of the survey contains, to the greatest possible extent, the population size, distribution and demographic characteristics of the Palestinian refugee and IDP population. By the end of 2021, it is estimated that 9.17 million of the 14 million Palestinians worldwide (65.5 percent) are forcibly displaced persons. Among them are approximately 8.36 million Palestinian refugees and 812,000 IDPs. The overall Palestinian displaced population includes 7 million 1948 Palestinian refugees and their descendants (a figure that includes the 5.8 million Palestinian refugees who are registered with and eligible for UNRWA assistance), 1.33 million 1967 refugees and their descendants, 439,171 Palestinians internally displaced in 1948 Palestine and 372,793 Palestinians internally displaced in the oPt since 1967 and their descendants, and an unknown number of Palestinians who are neither 1948 nor 1967 refugees. Approximately 38.3 percent of the Palestinian displaced population registered with UNRWA are registered in Jordan, 26.2 percent are registered in the Gaza Strip, 16.9 percent are registered in the West Bank, 10.2 percent are registered in Syria, and 8.5 percent are registered in Lebanon. The data from Chapter 2 further reveals that the Palestinian refugee population is young, has a high, albeit declining, fertility rate, and has a high, albeit declining, growth rate. Furthermore, labor force participation is low for Palestinians in the oPt as well as Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria due to legal restrictions on employment as well as precarious political circumstances, and Palestinian refugees generally suffer from high rates of poverty and food insecurity. Chapter 3 proffers the overall legal international protection framework and as it pertains specifically to those displaced, in addition to its application, or lack thereof, to Palestinian refugees and IDPs. The chapter defines international protection and highlights the role of UNHCR and human rights instruments in refugee protection, as well as consideration of IDP protection frameworks. It identifies the separate international protection system consisting of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) and UNRWA, which was designed specifically to ensure Palestinian refugees’ enjoyment of their rights with effective xvii