Acknowledgements This publication has been written by Judith Carter and Sarah Woodhouse, both in-house solicitors based at the Liverpool Law Clinic, part of the School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool. It is published jointly by the Clinic and by the Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association (ILPA). Alison Harvey, Legal Director of ILPA, was project manager on this project and thanks go to her for her patience and her editorial input. Thanks go to her fellow members of the advisory board who oversaw this project: Adrian Berry (Barrister, Garden Court Chambers, Chair of ILPA), Amal de Chickera (Co-Chair, Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion), Chris Nash (Director, European Network on Statelessness), Cynthia Orchard (Policy Officer, Asylum Aid), Eric Fripp (Barrister, 1 Lamb Buildings), Ian Kane (Legal Services Manager, Asylum Aid, Mohbuba Choudhury (Senior Protection Associate, UNHCR), Peter Grady (Legal Officer, UNHCR), and Sheona York (Reader and Clinic Solicitor, Kent Law Clinic, University of Kent). They have all provided invaluable comments on the text. Specific and detailed review was provided by Eric Fripp (Barrister, 1 Lamb Buildings) and Zoe Harper (Legal Officer, ILPA), who were formally appointed to act as readers. We are grateful to the Home Office for reading and commenting on the draft text. Final decisions on the text are those of the authors and do not imply the endorsement by readers and commentators of its contents. Thanks go to Yvette Allen at Eve Allen Design for the design and to the staff at ILPA, in particular Mark Wilson, Training Officer who is dealing with training associated with this publication. 3