Addressing statelessness in Europe’s refugee response project has yet to reach are also likely to be key to fully understanding stateless refugees’ experiences and interactions with the state and systems, such as interpreters, healthcare and other service providers such as civil registry or education authorities, the media, and more. What is clear is that a coordinated focus on these issues by all stakeholders is urgently needed. This scoping research has uncovered nuances across different stateless populations, countries and mandates, but also some key common challenges. We have identified a lack of knowledge and capacity in relation to statelessness in the forced migration context in Europe, which urgently needs to be addressed. Over the course of the #StatelessJourneys project, we will develop further tools and targeted recommendations for key stakeholders, in collaboration with refugees affected by statelessness and nationality problems, civil society and national and regional authorities in the following priority areas for action: 1. Information provision Produce and disseminate clear and accessible information for stateless individuals (on their rights, services, and specialist lawyers), those assisting them (on the relevant legal frameworks, caselaw, and signposting information), and decision-makers (on the causes and consequences of statelessness, country of origin information and common profiles of stateless refugees in Europe). 2. Capacity-building Build the capacity of frontline officials, service providers and support organisations to facilitate an improved response to statelessness and nationality problems among refugees in Europe, prevent new cases of statelessness arising, and ensure that statelessness is accurately identified, recorded and the rights of individuals respected. 3. Identification and recording of statelessness and nationality problems Improve and standardise procedures for identifying statelessness and nationality problems during nationality screening, and at other points at which nationality status is identified during asylum procedures. The administrative category of ‘unknown nationality’ should be clearly defined, used only exceptionally and regularly reviewed. Where there are indications that a person may be stateless, this should be identified, and the individual referred to a procedure to determine their statelessness at an appropriate juncture in international protection proceedings. Improve data collection, monitoring and reporting on statelessness and nationality problems. 4. Statelessness determination and protection status Introduce statelessness determination procedures and protection regimes in law in more European states, in line with good practice, to enable governments to meet their obligations to stateless people under the 1954 Convention, and provide a clear legal pathway out of irregularity for those stateless people who are not eligible for refugee or subsidiary protection, but are unable to return to their countries of origin. 5. Birth registration and prevention of childhood statelessness Closely monitor birth registration practices to ensure that all children (including the children of refugees and children born in transit) access free, immediate birth registration irrespective of the legal status or documentation of their parents, and that all necessary information about parents and child is recorded, and that all children are issued with birth certificates. Put in place full safeguards against childhood statelessness by adopting amendments to national laws, policy guidelines and/or 18