rights of the Palestinian people as a whole, on both sides of the Green Line, and in the diaspora, cannot be constrained by a narrowly framed imposed solution, pertaining only to the territory unlawfully and aggressively occupied by Israel since 1967, and without the centering of the enforcement of international law across all analysis. Many of the questions proffered by various Working Groups organising roundtables already have clear answers which were overwhelming endorsed by the UN General Assembly when it approved the International Court of Justice’s Advisory Opinion of 2024 in Resolution ES10/24 of 18 September 2024. The Chapeau to Resolution 79/81 calls for full respect for international law and stresses the need to ensure accountability for all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in order to end impunity, and the urgency of achieving without delay an end to the Israeli occupation. The text of the Resolution further calls for ‘(a) The withdrawal of Israel from the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem; The realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to self-determination and the right to their independent State; (c) A just resolution of the problem of Palestine refugees in conformity with its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948.’ As currently planned the Conference will consist of the following 8 thematic roundtables: Roundtable 1: A sovereign and unified Palestinian State living side by side, in peace and security, with Israel. On the Proposal for a July 2025 UN conference on a two-State solution for Israel and Palestine Roundtable 2: Security for Israelis and Palestinians Roundtable 3: Narrative for peace Roundtable 4: Economic viability of the Palestinian State. Roundtable 5: Humanitarian action and reconstruction. Roundtable 6: Preserving the Two-state solution. Roundtable 7: Promoting respect for international law in order to implement the Two-State solution. Roundtable 8: “Peace Day Effort” It is a major problem, given that the enforcement of international law serves as the only basis by which to challenge Israel’s ongoing unlawful occupation, apartheid, and genocidal violence, that the planned conference locates international law only in a single roundtable, and then in a framing limited to the two-state solution. The concept of security, a recurring theme for the planned conference, has not been defined, but understood in a genuine sense must encompass full and abiding respect for human rights. In order to ensure the attainment of respect for and enjoyment of human rights, it is imperative to recall that before seeking to address perceived gaps or challenges concerning security, it is necessary that the Palestinian people, for generations subjected to widespread and systematic racism, violence, and dispossession by the Israeli state and its proxies, are facilitated and supported in securing their right to self-determination. 5