Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1. COVID-19 and Myanmar’s Securitized Response..........................................5 Overlap Between NDSC and COVID-19 Emergency Response Committee Membership.......................................................................7 2. One Day, Three Declarations................................................................................8 3. Government Declarations Give Way to Arrests............................................13 4. Ethnic Responses to COVID-19 in the Context of Government Exclusion, Resistance...............................................................................................17 Chin National Front (CNF).....................................................................................18 Karen National Union (KNU).................................................................................19 Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS)...........................................................19 New Mon State Party (NMSP)...............................................................................20 Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)..........................................................20 Karenni EAOs.............................................................................................................21 Shan State Progress Party (SSPP) and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA).........................................................................................21 Myanmar’s IDP Camps: Overcrowded and Underserved .................................21 5. Coronavirus and the Civil War............................................................................24 Chin and Rakhine States..........................................................................................25 Reported Military Violence in Chin and Rakhine States: 23 March – 30 April......................................................................................26 Karen State.................................................................................................................31 Shan State...................................................................................................................32 6. Political Exploitation of the Virus: ‘Fake News,’ Misinformation, and Hate Speech........................................................................................................34 Promoting an agenda ...............................................................................................36 Coronavirus as an opportunity for political party promotion............................37 7. Same Centralized Health System, Same Aid Structures, New Virus.....41 ‘Well-Equipped’ or ‘Ignoring Needs’?....................................................................41 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................44 Recommendations........................................................................................................46 To the Myanmar Military and the Myanmar Government.................................46 To International Donors, NGOs, Financial Institutions and Governments....47

Select target paragraph3