A/HRC/60/20 19. While the motivations for the attack remain unclear, sources indicated that the military regularly targeted public administration sites, including schools, with the effect of instilling fear in the general public. There was already an established pattern of military attacks against schools, with over 640 instances since 2021.7 Consequently, the National Unity Government has shut down several schools in its territories as a means of preventing further deaths among children. 4. La Ei village, Pekon Township, Shan State 20. Between September 2024 and May 2025, the military bombed, on three separate occasions, a camp for displaced persons, commonly referred to as the “Bangkok camp”, at the border between Shan and Kayah States. An analysis of available information revealed no discernible military objective, reported fighting or the presence of anti-military armed groups in the vicinity to justify the attacks. Although OHCHR requested information, the military provided no response. 21. In the incident with the largest number of civilian casualties, on 5 September 2024 at around 9 p.m., two 500-lb bombs struck a residential area, 8 killing at least nine civilians, including three women, three girls and three boys, and wounding nearly 30 others. Photos reinforced accounts from witnesses showing significant destruction and large craters at the site. While some 50 houses were destroyed, the number of casualties was limited, reportedly since families tend to sleep in underground bunkers, evincing the intense fear of air strikes that is ever-present in many communities. 22. On 18 November 2024, two planes dropped four bombs that destroyed a parish priest’s house and a church in the camp, killing one civilian and causing further destruction. Local sources reported that the incident had followed repeated death threats on social media from pro-military accounts against the priest serving in the camp. The military carried out another aerial bombardment on 14 May 2025. Sources indicated that surveillance drones and an aircraft had circled the area before the aircraft dropped two large bombs that damaged two buildings that served as school dormitories and injured one civilian. Residents reported to OHCHR that, at the time of the third incident, only 250 people out of the 600 present before the first incident remained in the camp due to the repeated bombardments, as many people had decided to flee to other locations. C. Human rights abuses by anti-military armed groups 23. While not comparable in scale, scope, intensity and brutality with the violations committed by the military, multiple sources raised concerns about abuses perpetrated by anti-military armed groups. Persistent communications shutdowns, security concerns and occasional reports of media gag orders by anti-military groups hampered verification by OHCHR. Occasional reports were received of anti-military groups reportedly launching attacks that destroyed civilian objects, such as schools, with inconsistent warnings to civilians prior to attacks, and using command-detonated roadside bombs and anti-personnel landmines. According to data provided by the military, although not independently verified, anti-military armed groups have been accused of having “claimed the lives of 8,878 civilians including 330 children, 112 teachers, 24 healthcare workers, 121 monks, 2 nuns and 1,208 administrative staffs in different townships” since the coup. 24. Of increasing concern was the trend of anti-military armed groups conducting targeted killings of individuals suspected of association with the military, particularly killings of civil servants, including in their homes or in tea shops or restaurants. Anti-military groups frequently claimed responsibility for such incidents and OHCHR recorded 169 reports of killings of administrators, their family members and other civilians, including religious personnel, by anti-military armed groups from eight states and regions. Bago, Magway and 7 See https://data.humdata.org/dataset/63605720-f0da-454d-89a6-552f1acc3a53/resource/7203e9a6daa7-4eb5-9f88-0d03c9bc284a/download/2020-2025-mmr-education-in-danger-incident-data.xlsx. 8 See https://karennihumanrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KnHRG-Statement-CondemningAirstrike-in-Pekon-1.pdf. 5