A/HRC/60/20 Rohingya were tracked arriving in Malaysia and Indonesia.24 In the largest maritime tragedy of 2025, on 9 May, two boats carrying 514 people capsized and at least 427 Rohingya perished. 25 Confirming the rising trend of departures, by the end of May, the number of Rohingya who had attempted perilous sea trips in 2025 had already surpassed 3,000. In May 2025, credible reports indicated that an Indian naval vessel had transported approximately 40 Rohingya to a point off the southern coast of Myanmar in the Andaman Sea and forced the passengers to disembark and swim ashore. 26 The refouled Rohingya were then stranded in Tanintharyi, where they were taken into the custody of an armed group operating there. 53. Some developments on accountability at the international level occurred during the reporting period. In November 2024, the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court applied for an arrest warrant against Min Aung Hlaing, the military’s Commander-in-Chief, indicating that more applications would follow. The application remained pending before the Pre-Trial Chamber. 27 At the International Court of Justice, primary written proceedings between the parties in the case between the Gambia and Myanmar concluded. The Court declared admissible in the proceedings the interventions of 11 further States, in respect of the most recent 4, of which submissions were fixed for September 2025.28 On 13 February 2025, a court in Argentina issued arrest warrants under principles of universal jurisdiction recognized in Argentine law.29 While those were welcome steps, civil society members and interviewees continued to call for broader and more decisive efforts, including the referral of the entire situation in Myanmar to the International Criminal Court. V. Conclusions and recommendations 54. As documented in previous reports, the human rights crisis in Myanmar has steadily worsened, even while attention to the crisis in the media and in political spheres has waned. The liquidity crisis affecting the United Nations and reduced donor support have greatly limited the capacity of the Office in compiling the present and other recent reports and have restricted its ability to follow up reports with tangible actions in support of protection, good governance, accountability and civic space. Without improved funding of the Office’s work on Myanmar, such reports may not be possible, as the verification of information requires resources and time to ensure accuracy and impartiality. 55. The devastating toll on the civilian population continued, with widespread and systematic patterns of indiscriminate attacks by the military on civilians and protected objects, forced displacements, forced recruitment, disappearances, arbitrary arrests, arson and property destruction, the denial of humanitarian assistance and repeated atrocities aimed at terrorizing the people of Myanmar. Military forces further escalated their reliance on air strikes, including by using drones and paramotors, and on heavy weaponry in civilian-inhabited areas, often targeting schools, markets, religious sites and camps for displaced persons. Disregard for the protection of civilians by the military became even more starkly evident after the earthquake that struck Myanmar on 28 March 2025. Despite declaring a unilateral ceasefire, the military persisted in bombing and attacking civilians in earthquake-affected areas and across the country. As in the aftermath of previous natural disasters, the military also acted to deny humanitarian access, particularly in areas outside of their control, heightening 24 See https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar?_kx=pySQ9eMlle8Wwy80YnHU3cXJTM8dzbzZxi lW30UT6NU.WPtBYy. 25 See https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-fears-extreme-desperation-led-deaths-427rohingya-sea. 26 See OHCHR, “Alarmed by reports of Rohingya cast into the sea from Indian navy vessels, UN expert launches inquiry of ‘unconscionable, unacceptable acts’”, 15 May 2025. 27 See https://www.icc-cpi.int/bangladesh-myanmar. 28 See https://www.icj-cij.org/case/178. 29 See https://brouk.org.uk/argentina-court-issues-international-arrest-warrant-for-min-aung-hlaing-ahistoric-step-towards-justice-for-rohingya-genocide-2. 12