S/2017/249 basis of first-hand information from those who had crossed the border, OHCHR reported in February 2017 that more than 50 of the 100 women and girls interviewed described having been subjected to rape, gang rape or other forms of sexual violence, apparently employed systematically to humiliate and terrorize their community. Some of the rapes were carried out in front of relatives, as well as to punish women for their perceived support for “insurgents”, who are often male family members. Only those survivors who managed to cross the border have been able to access care. 52. Despite the Emergency Treatment of Patients Law (2014), which waived mandatory reporting by service providers to the police in cases of sexual violence, the practice persists, further inhibiting reporting and response. The risk of sexual violence linked with conflict and displacement, notably in Kachin and Northern Shan States, is compounded by a lack of educational and employment opportunities. This physical and economic insecurity leaves civilians, particularly those who are internally displaced, at heightened risk of trafficking, including for the purposes of forced marriage and sexual exploitation. Recommendation 53. I urge the Government of Myanmar to facilitate humanitarian access to Northern Rakhine State, including to assist survivors of sexual violence. To ensure that there is no impunity for such crimes, I reiterate calls made by the Committ ee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 2016 to repeal immunity provisions for members of the security forces. I also call upon the authorities to ensure the implementation of the Emergency Treatment of Patients Law (2014), and to harmonize the domestic definition of rape, which derives from the Penal Code of 1860, with current international standards. Somalia 54. Widespread sexual violence continues to be a feature of protracted conflict in Somalia. Internally displaced women and girls and members of minority clans remain the most vulnerable, owing to a lack of preventive measures, limited access to justice and weak clan protection. Large population movements, such as the return of over 30,000 Somali refugees from Kenya, have also increased the vulnerability of women and girls on the move. 55. Between January and September 2016, the United Nations verified information on conflict-related sexual violence against 200 girls and 1 boy. The violations were attributed to unknown armed elements (55), clan militia (60), Al-Shabaab (21), Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama‘a (3), and the Somali National Army (59). Three rapes of girls were also attributed to the African Union Mission to Somalia, as addressed in my report (A/71/818). In the last quarter of 2016, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia documented 14 incidents of conflict-related sexual violence, including five gang rapes, allegedly committed by Al -Shabaab, the Interim SouthWest Administration of the Puntland Army, and the Somali national police. The perpetrators were prosecuted in two of those cases, while in three others the suspects were released owing to clan pressure or lack of evidence. Al -Shabaab responded to the rape of a boy by one of its fighters by summarily stoning the perpetrator to death. 16/33 17-05090