Chapter 1 Punitive Retaliation to Palestinian Resistance Extrajudicial and Targeted Killings Legal Framework Regarding deliberate killings it is very important first and foremost to reaffirm the applicability of the law enforcement paradigm. Although this paradigm or these operations are referred to as ‘law enforcement’ actions, they are not only applicable to police forces. The law enforcement regulations apply to all government officials who exercise police powers, which in this case would include the Israeli military and security forces.31 Additionally, the law enforcement paradigm is not only applicable during times of peace, but can also be applied during times of heightened tensions or violence. While in certain circumstances, both terms are used, it is important to note that extrajudicial killings and targeted killings are not exactly the same. An extrajudicial killing is the “unlawful and deliberate killing carried out by order of a state actor, or with the state’s complicity or acquiescence.”32 An extrajudicial killing, as its name indicates, is always illegal. A targeted killing, on the other hand, is the “intentional, premeditated and deliberate use of 31 Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, UNGA Resolution 34/169, 17 December 1979 (hereafter ‘Code of Conduct’), Article 1, commentary (a) and (b); Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, Eighth UN Congress on Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August- 27 September 1990 (hereafter ‘Basic Principles’), preamble 32 Amnesty International, Philippines: Over 1700 killings by unknown assassins and police indicate lawlessness, not crime control, Press Release, 24 August 2016. Available at: http://www.amnestyusa. org/news/press-releases/philippines-over-1700-killings-by-unknown-assassins-and-police-indicatelawlessness-not-crime-contro 17