Minister in 2009 to Hebraize all road signs in Israel by removing the Arabic names of places which have cultural significance to Palestinians.328 Arabic speakers in Israel face constant barriers produced by language discrimination including not being able to receive higher education in their own language or access to or submition of official forms in Arabic.329 National symbols such as the Palestinian flag also have a long history of being prohibited, such as the banning of the flag in the oPt from 1967 to 1993 and criminalizing the display of the flag’s colors in artwork in 1980.330 More recently, a 2014 law made the waving of the flag in protests illegal in Israel.331 Such legislation and policies are in clear violation of the rights of Palestinians in Israel to express their distinct culture, identity, histories and language. The Case of Palestinian Bedouins in the Naqab The protections upheld by international law are particularly important in the context of Palestinian Bedouins in the Naqab due to the specific challenges they face in preserving their distinct traditional way of life. The Declaration and bodies such as the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (in charge of implementing the ICESCR) emphasize the importance of land and traditional communal lifestyles to the maintenance of their culture.332 Articles 26 and 27 uphold indigenous peoples’ rights to their territories, lands and resources;333 rights which are also affirmed by the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.334 In addition to these rights, the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples affirms their rights to live “in accordance with their community or nation’s traditions and customs,” to not “be subjected to assimilation or destruction of their culture” and “to practice and revitalize their cultural traditions and customs.”335 328 Adalah, The Inequality Report, The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel, March 2011, page 47. Available at: https://www.adalah.org/uploads/oldfiles/upfiles/2011/Adalah_The_Inequality_Report_ March_2011.pdf 329 Ibid. page 46 330 Palestine Center Interns– Sarah Dickshinski, Abby Massell, Zoë Reinstein and Mirvat Salameh, “Forbidden Colors” Coming to Light, The Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development, 2016. Available at: http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/10558/forbidden-colors-coming-light 331 Robert Tait, What is the Israeli anti-terror bill?, The Telegraph, 26 November 2014. Available at: http:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/11254987/What-is-the-Israeli-anti-terrorbill.html 332 OHCHR, Indigenous Peoples and the United Nation Human Rights System, Fact Sheet No. 9/Rev. 2, 2013, page 20. Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/fs9Rev.2.pdf 333 Ibid. page 6 334 Ibid. page 21 335 Ibid. page 7 91