practiced in southern Africa,”385 and lists the acts to which the crime applies, namely; “murder, torture, inhuman treatment and arbitrary arrest of members of a racial group; deliberate imposition on a racial group of living conditions calculated to cause its physical destruction; legislative measures that discriminate in the political, social, economic and cultural fields; […] and the persecution of persons opposed to apartheid.”386 The Convention adds that, “International criminal responsibility shall apply, irrespective of the motive involved, to individuals, members of organizations and institutions and representatives of the State.”387 Without detracting from specifies of each conflict, Israel’s suppression of resistance has similarities with the policies implemented during apartheid South Africa against blacks, especially extrajudicial killings and mass imprisonment. In apartheid South Africa the extrajudicial killings, including targeted killings, of members of the liberation movement were a common occurrence.388 The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report (TRC Report) specifically mentioned the use of targeted extrajudicial killings with the purpose of suppressing resistance to the apartheid regime as a policy.389 The Report also highlighted the existence of effective “condonation and tolerance of extrajudicial killings, which [led] to a culture of impunity throughout the [South African] security forces.”390 The policies carried out by Israel show the intentional persecution of all those who challenge the domination of Palestinians in the oPt. Israel subjects Palestinians to; extrajudicial killings, including targeted killings, torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, as well as arbitrary arrests and illegal imprisonment; acts that are included within the Apartheid Convention.391 Israeli policies covered in Chapter 3 of this paper, namely, the suppression of Palestinian human rights organizations and defenders, of Palestinian civil society in general, and the forced closure of charitable, educational, and cultural organizations is directly relevant to the provisions of the Convention.392 385 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, Article 2 386 John Dugard, Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid - Introductory Note, 30 November 1973. Available at: http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cspca/cspca.html 387 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, Article 3 388 Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), TRC Final Report, Volume 6, Section 3, Chapter 1, p. 192 389 TRC, TRC Final Report Volume 2, Chapter 3, pages 205-215 390 TRC, TRC Final Report Volume 6, Section 3, Chapter 6, Part 2, p. 509. The Report identifies phrases used in security documents and Parliamentary speeches which implied killing with impunity of resistance members 391 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, Article 2(a) 392 Ibid, Articles 2(c) and 2(f) 104