There was one more added item to the article, that allowed granting nationality to children of a Kuwaiti national from a foreign husband, if the husband died or was held as a hostage, or if he divorced the mother. Another item was added that allows for naturalisation of illegal residents if they were residents in Kuwait before 1965, along with their dependents. There was also an added article to mandate an annual limit to the number of eligible persons that can be naturalised, instead of a percentage, which started with 50 persons a year and went up to 4,000 a year. The amendments created a contradiction, as the naturalisation of dependents of Kuwaiti fathers has also been stated in Article 2 of the Law, which duplicates that article. However, naturalised Kuwaitis are unable to participate in voting or serve as candidates for 30 years based on Article 7 of the Law. The amendment is in violation of the Kuwaiti constitution which mandates granting rights for all persons born as Kuwaitis. This continuous revision of the Nationality Law, according to the Kuwaiti researcher in development and citizenship, Alia Al-Khaled, is caused by reasons other than improving the Law and access to justice. For instance, Article 6 that prohibited voting for naturalised Kuwaitis or their Kuwaiti children, was a political response to the random naturalisation of foreigners to gain more voters by candidates for political positions at the time. (4) The most recent modification of the Kuwaiti Nationality Law of 2024, carried out by the Kuwaiti Minister of Interior, Fahad Al-Youssef, who is tasked by the Kuwaiti Emir to implement the massive stripping of nationality from thousands of citizens, is also ambiguous and do not fare well in improving the Law or justice. (5) The Emir of Kuwait, in a televised statement, stated that social security is paramount and should be addressed by revoking nationality from those who obtained it by fraud or those with dual nationality. (6) (4) https://x.com/afalkhaled/status/1874870309318447413?s=46 (5) https://www.aljarida.com/article/85266 (6) http://x.com/ASA_ALJBRE/status/1877141005243453660 11 Kuwait: Amendments to Kuwaiti Nationality Law pose serious threats to human rights

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