Other States that have no specific legislation establishing a procedure to recognize statelessness have instituted an administrative or judicial authority that is tasked with determining whether an individual is stateless. Many States, however, have no specific procedure in place. In many of these cases, the question of statelessness often arises during refugee status determination procedures. Stateless persons may then be “processed” within that framework, which includes humanitarian or subsidiary protection. Stateless persons may, in fact, be obliged to channel their application through the asylum regime simply because there is no other procedure available to them. Confidentiality requirements for applications by asylum‑seekers must be respected regardless of the form or location of the statelessness determination procedure. Some countries do not have specific recognition procedures for stateless persons, but the issue may arise when an individual applies for a residency permit or a travel document, or if an application for asylum is rejected and a claim is made to remain in an asylum country on other grounds. In France, the procedure for recognizing stateless status is conducted within the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), which is mandated to provide judicial and administrative protection to stateless persons. Applicants must apply directly to OFPRA. In the Philippines, statelessness determination is undertaken by the centralized Refugees and Stateless Persons Protection Unit (RSPPU), which is administered by the Philippines Department of Justice. Applications for statelessness status can be submitted to the RSPPU or in the central or any field office of the Bureau of Immigration. In the Republic of Moldova, the Bureau for Migration and Asylum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs conducts a centralized administrative statelessness determination procedure. Applications can be submitted orally or in writing and can be initiated by the individual concerned or ex officio by a specialised administrative unit within the Moldovan Bureau for Migration and Asylum. In Spain, the Aliens Law provides that the Ministry of Interior will recognize the status of statelessness in a procedure regulated by Royal Decree. Applicants may approach police stations or the Office for Asylum and Refugees (OAR). Upon completion of the investigative phase, the OAR conducts the procedure then forwards its reasoned assessment to the Ministry of Interior. Although Mexico has not established a formal statelessness determination procedure, its 2010 Manual of Migratory Criteria and Procedures provides that stateless persons can receive international protection through the Mexican system of complementary protection. While the manual provides a definition of who qualifies as a stateless person, it does not establish any procedure for undertaking determination in individual cases. 21