Background languages,” and possess “good character” and “sound mind.”50 Similar to associate citizens, naturalized citizens are subject to exceptions to their rights as citizens as “stipulated from time to time by the Council of State.”51 Under the 1982 Citizenship Law, the government may revoke the “citizenship or associate citizenship or naturalized citizenship of any person, except a citizen by birth.”52 While a decision of revocation may be repealed, “no reason need be given” for the revocation.53 Article 22 of the 1982 Citizenship Law further states that “[a] person whose citizenship has ceased or has been revoked shall have no right to apply again to citizenship or associate citizenship or naturalized citizenship.”54 Most Rohingya lack formal or historical documentation, making it exceedingly difficult to provide “conclusive evidence” that they entered Myanmar before 1948.55 This is especially the case after the Myanmar Army, police, and civilian perpetrators razed hundreds of Rohingya villages in 2016 and 2017, destroying personal possessions en masse and forcing the displacement of nearly 800,000 civilians.56 have entered and resided in the State prior to 4th January, 1948, and their children born within the State may, if they have not yet applied under the Union Citizenship Act, 1948, apply for naturalized citizenship to the Central Body, furnishing conclusive evidence. 43) The following persons, born in or outside the State, from the date this Law comes into force, may also apply for naturalized citizenship: (a) persons born of parents one of whom is a citizen and the other a foreigner; (b) persons born of parents, one of whom is an associate citizen and the other a naturalized citizen; persons born of parents, one of whom is an associate citizen and the other a foreigner; (d) persons born of parents, both of whom are naturalized citizens; (e) persons born of parents, one of whom is a naturalized citizen and the other a foreigner. 44) An applicant for naturalized citizenship shall have the following qualifications: (a) be a person who conforms to the provisions of section 42 or section 43; (b) have completed the age of eighteen years; be able to speak well one of the national languages; (d) be of good character; (e) be of sound mind.” Rohingya have themselves also written about the 1982 law. See, for example, Aman Ullah, “A Citizenship Law that was Most Controversial and Vague,” The Stateless Rohingya, May 13, 2016, https://www.thestateless. com/2016/05/a-citizenship-law-that-was-most-controversial-and-vague.html (accessed August 23, 2019); Nay San Lwin, “Making Rohingya Statelessness,” New Mandala, October 29, 2012, https://www. newmandala.org/making-rohingya-statelessness/ (accessed August 23, 2019). 50 Burma Citizenship Law, Art. 44. 51 Burma Citizenship Law, Art. 30. 52 Burma Citizenship Law, Art. 8(b). Also, associate and naturalized citizens are still often still referred to as “mixed blood” throughout Myanmar. See, Fortify Rights interview with A.W.B., undisclosed location, April 3, 2019. Fortify Rights interview with A.W.C., undisclosed location, April 5, 2019. Fortify Rights interview with A.W.F., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, June 19, 2019. 53 Burma Citizenship Law, arts. 70, 71. 54 Burma Citizenship Law, Art. 22. See also, for example, International Commission of Jurists, “Citizenship and Human Rights in Myanmar: Why Law Reform is Urgent and Possible, A Legal Briefing,” June 2019, p. 2, https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Myanmar-Citizenship-law-reform-AdvocacyAnalysis-Brief-2019-ENG.pdf (accessed August 23, 2019). 55 See, for example, Fortify Rights interview with I.A., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 14, 2019; Fortify Rights interview with G.B., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, June 19, 2019. See also, Human Rights Watch, “All You Can Do Is Pray,” p. 112. 56 Fortify Rights, “They Gave Them Long Swords,” pp. 55-80. 38