Internal Security Forces: Pursuant to Law 17/1990, a volunteer must be a Lebanese national for at least ten years.63 Lebanese Public Security: One of the general conditions required to volunteer in Lebanese public security is to be a Lebanese national for at least ten years.64 Lebanese Army: One of the general conditions required to volunteer in the Lebanese Army is to be a Lebanese national for at least ten years. Labour unions and syndicates should open membership to the children of and spouses married for one year to Lebanese women on an equal basis with Lebanese citizens until Parliament amends the Nationality Law, Human Rights Watch said.65 Running and voting in parliamentary elections Article 3 of Election Law 44, issued on June 17, 2017, stipulates that every resident or non-resident Lebanese citizen may exercise their right to vote, provided that they have attained the legal age specified in the Constitution, enjoy their civil and political rights and are not in any of the non-eligibility situations set forth in the present law. Article 5 of this law also stipulates that naturalized Lebanese citizens may only vote or run for office ten years after the execution of their naturalization decree. The present article shall not apply to non-Lebanese women who obtain Lebanese citizenship as a result of marrying a Lebanese male.66 Healthcare Foreign nationals (including the foreign husband and children of Lebanese women) are largely excluded from healthcare benefits subsidized by Lebanon’s National Social Security Fund and the Ministry of Health. As for Lebanese women married to a Palestinian, Palestinian refugees are deprived of public hospital services and any other health services provided by the Ministry of Health, except under the agreements signed between the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Near East Refugees (UNRWA) and the Ministry of Health. On 24 August 2010, law 128 was enacted, amending paragraph 3 of Article 9, of the Social Security Law, which stipulates that a Palestinian refugee worker residing in Lebanon and registered in the General Directorate of Political Affairs and Refugees (DPAR) — Ministry of the Interior and Municipalities — shall be subject to the provisions of the Labour Law, both in terms of end-of-service indemnity and work emergencies. The beneficiary of Palestinian refugee workers is exempt from the reciprocity conditions stipulated in the Labour and Social Security Law and benefits from end-of-service compensation on par with Lebanese worker benefits. The National Social Security Fund administration must set up a separate and independent account for the subscriptions of Palestinian refugee workers, provided that neither the Treasury nor the National Social Security Fund is held accountable for any financial commitment related thereto. Those covered by this Law are excluded from the subscriptions of the Sickness and Maternity Insurance and Family Allowance Fund benefits. 16 The Lebanese Ministry of Health and the National Social Security Fund must allow children of Lebanese women married to foreigners to benefit from available public healthcare services on par with Lebanese citizens. They should also promulgate laws similar to the aforementioned Law No. 128 concerning foreign spouses and children of Lebanese women, which enable them to benefit from the Sickness and Maternity insurance Funds’ contributions. Education The noncitizen children of Lebanese women can attend Lebanese public schools for free. However, because these children are deemed foreign nationals, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEHE) issues annual enrolment decrees that prioritize Lebanese students’ enrolment, making it harder for non-Lebanese children to register. The Ministry is often aware of the matter and gives special treatment to non-Lebanese children of Lebanese mothers. Nonetheless, a permanent solution is needed to prevent preferential treatment and ensure that they are treated on equal footing with Lebanese students. In some cases, children without the necessary identification documents face complications that prevent them from enrolling in school or taking national exams. Furthermore, noncitizen children and spouses of Lebanese women applying to a university may not be eligible for financial aid. It should be noted here that Lebanese law does not prohibit Palestinians from enrolling in public schools, vocational education institutes and the Lebanese University, given that the responsibility for educating Palestinian refugees in primary, middle and secondary grades falls upon UNRWA. Nonetheless, there is close cooperation between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education and UNRWA as students attending UNRWA schools follow a curriculum that is in line with the Lebanese educational curricula, a policy pursued by UNRWA in all host countries and not a requirement imposed by the Lebanese Government. Palestinian refugees can enrol in Lebanese public and private schools at all levels (primary, middle and secondary) without any discrimination in terms of the required documents or fees charged, and the entry of Palestinian refugees into Lebanese public schools depends on the absorptive capacity of schools with the adoption of a national preferential policy. Furthermore, if a Palestinian student (especially an undocumented person) is unable to present an Identity Card or a Civil Registration extract, Article 108 of the rules of procedure for preschools and primary education in public schools 1130/M/2001 allows the adoption of any other identification document, with the approval of the head of the educational district.67 Higher education With regard to higher education, Palestinian students enrolled in the Lebanese University are treated on par with Lebanese students. On 18 June 2009, the Council of Ministers issued Decision 90 to cancel university tuition for Palestinian students from Nahr el-Bared camp enrolled in the Lebanese University for the