• • • often without access to legal assistance and with insufficient finances to secure release. Torture and abuse in custody. Lack of social support and re-integration services for separated children (often where adults are imprisoned), survivors of sexual violence, and other trafficking survivors. Failure to provide household registration to returnees, leading to ongoing abuse and vulnerabilities. • Provide access to safe and regular migration routes for stateless people (including through bypassing the role of the state of origin in proving identity) • Increase access to family reunion and reunification through safe and regular routes for stateless people, including by reducing the evidentiary requirements to establish family ties. • Promote access to civil registration, including birth registration, in countries of refuge with a view to providing pathways to regularise legal status and citizenship for those experiencing intergenerational statelessness. • For stateless children, provide access to formal education, accreditation, and development opportunities to enable them to access decent work in future and lift themselves out of the cycles of poverty and exploitation. • Incorporate refugee and statelessness protection into search and rescue operations including providing access to UNHCR, ensuring the right to apply for asylum and non-refoulement. • Improve the identification of refugees, victims of trafficking and stateless people and provide them with appropriate protection services. • Provide UNHCR with access to detention centres. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on this paper’s findings, we recommend that anti-trafficking prevention and protection initiatives are more inclusive of stateless people and targeted to their specific needs and vulnerabilities. For example, initiatives to prevent trafficking should focus on ensuring access to basic rights and socio-economic rights for stateless people. Additionally, preventing trafficking in refugee and IDP situations, and protecting survivors of trafficking from refugee and IDP backgrounds, requires measures that are situated within a broader framework that factors in the need for protection not just from criminal syndicates, but also from perpetrating states and state actors. Accordingly, we recommend that relevant actors committed to preventing trafficking of stateless Rohingya and protecting Rohingya victims of trafficking: • • • Promote the right to work for stateless people and refugees; provide access to livelihoods and decent work. Increase access for stateless refugees to durable solutions such as resettlement, integration, and safe and voluntary repatriation, including by providing specific pathways and routes to overcome the barriers encountered by stateless people. For Rohingyas, promote their right to citizenship in Myanmar as an integral component of securing safe repatriations. 7