Nationality and Cases of Statelessness in the Middle East and North Africa part of the individual to know or be able to predict under what circumstances – or in response to what behaviour – nationality might be withdrawn.163 Two key things stand out in the analysis and comparison of all these legal provisions. Firstly, that someone who has acquired nationality by naturalisation is much more exposed to the subsequent withdrawal of that nationality than someone who acquired nationality by birth. In some cases, this vulnerability of naturalised persons to withdrawal of nationality is mitigated by the establishment of a maximum period (usually several years) following naturalisation during which nationality can be deprived on the various grounds prescribed, but after which this nationality also becomes more secure. In Egypt, for instance, nationality can be withdrawn from someone who has acquired it through naturalisation within five years from the date of acquisition if the person commits a crime, but within up to ten years from the date of acquisition if it is found that this was based on forgery or false statements.164 Nevertheless, there are roughly twice as many clauses that provide for the withdrawal of 163 - See also UNHCR, Expert Meeting - Interpreting the 1961 Statelessness Convention and Avoiding Statelessness resulting from Loss and Deprivation of Nationality (“Tunis Conclusions”), March 2014. 164 - Article 15, Law No. 26 concerning Egyptian Nationality, 1975. 122

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