Kazakhstan and Tajikistan reserve the right to confiscate property without compensation from citizens who fail to register with a consulate when they are long-term resident abroad – in addition to revoking their citizenship.488 It is not clear what happens to the property of family members in such cases. In Tajikistan, confiscation of property without compensation can be ordered either by a court or by administrative decision. Administrative decisions are open to judicial appeal,489 but it is not clear how effectively a non-citizen outside State borders can exercise this right. 488 Article 254, 1994 Civil Code of Kazakhstan, as amended in 2001; Article 267(1) and (2) of the 2001 Civil Code of Tajikistan, No 601, as amended in March 2010. 489 Article 267(2) of the 2001 Civil Code of Tajikistan, No 601, as amended in March 2010. ~ 72 ~