Rohingya Human Rights Initiative (ROHRIngya) assisting the refugees. Nearly 88% of Rohingya respondents said they had received assistance from these organisations, while Rohingya-led organisations, particularly R4R, reached above 33% of community members with assistance. Aid from government bodies reached below 4% of Rohingya refugees. However, overall, the assistance fell notably short of meeting the refugees' needs during the crisis. For instance: a significant number (83%) of refugees have pointed out that the assistance or rations they have received from international and local NGOs were insufficient for their families. We found that above 72% of Rohingya refugees need everyday essentials, 38% for housing facilities and almost 34% need cash for medical treatment. Hygiene items and water and electricity supply at affordable cost are also on the list of immediate needs for the Rohingya. The Rohingya refugees have also sought intervention to help them exercise right to work and access to education and health services. • Our study found that the distribution of aid was uneven. Some refugees received assistance during the first wave, while some did not. Less than 24% of respondents said they received it during all three waves of COVID-19. It should be noted that more than one percent of the Rohingya have claimed that they have not received assistance during any of the three waves. HEALTH • Refugees reported facing many problems accessing medical treatment and medicines during COVID-19. However, COVID-19 infections remained low among the refugees. In our survey, 90% of respondents said that neither they nor their family members got infected. Only 6% reported an infection, while 4% were unsure about the infection. The Indian government’s eventual move to allow refugee communities to take the vaccine and the support of local, national and international refugee-rights organisations has clearly had a positive impact. Out of 148 refugees, only two persons reported not receiving the vaccine. While one has not gone for vaccination because of the fear of related side effects, the other was unaware about accessing the vaccine. Some 98% of refugees have already been vaccinated through UNHCR, its partner organisations, and government vaccination camps. Only 2% of refugees went to private hospitals and clinics to vaccinate. • We found that most refugees have experienced psychological and mental issues such as fear, depression or anxiety, and physiological issues such as hypertension and high blood pressure. They have sought counsel mainly from 6