An Agenda for a Dignified and Sustainable Rohingya Refugee Response in Bangladesh while the district administration coordinates the needs of Bangladeshi communities and ensures law and order.249 Efforts are ongoing to reinforce the capacity of Government-appointed camp officials by the humanitarian community/ Site Management sector through the Joint Capacity Sharing Initiative (CSI). 250 The rights of non-citizens are recognised by the Constitution of Bangladesh but the policy framework does not recognise Rohingya as refugees and limits their access to rights, and restricts the scope of humanitarian operations.251 Despite such strong national leadership, the Rohingya refugee response modalities do not fit well within the government coordinated disaster management structures at the local level with overlapping roles and responsibilities for the RRRC, district administration and the army.252 5.2.1.2 NGO actors- Who and where? Along with the Bangladeshi authorities, local communities, national and local NGOs, UN, INGOs present in the area and the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, were the first responders to the Rohingya influx of 2017.253 By early 2018, more than 120 agencies were engaged in the response. While Bangladeshi NGOs implemented projects, the main players in terms of policy influence and financial resources were the UN agencies, a few INGOs and BRAC, one of the largest NGOs in the world that was started in Bangladesh.254 Between 2017-2020, the number of Bangladeshi NGOs delivering projects under the JRP had marginally increased but progress has been slow in terms of their inclusion in sector coleadership roles and overall coordination. Language barriers, use of excessive jargon, the pace of meetings, limited feedback opportunities and lack of coordination capacity255 constrained participation of local NGOs and CSOs in the existing humanitarian coordination system. Of note, there is a distinction made within some sections of the NGO community between national and local NGOs. As per a report by COAST Trust (2019)-256 Local NGOs (LNGOs) refers to the NGOs whose leadership come from a particular local area. For example, the NGOs whose leadership are from Cox’s Bazar or/and the NGOs that started its journey from Cox’s Bazar are LNGOs for Cox’s Bazar. National NGOs (NNGOs) are those that started their journey from any other part of Bangladesh other than Cox’s Bazar, or/and whose leadership are not from Cox’s Bazar. The self-identification of ‘local NGOs’ in the Rohingya refugee response has been used in the context of relative distribution of power and resources as well as to legitimise the role of some actors in the 249 JRP 2020, supra n. 64, p. 37 Presentation - Capacity Sharing Initiative Cox's Bazar, available at https://cccmcluster.org/documents/presentationcapacity-sharing-initiative-coxs-bazar 251 See, BLAST and RSN, supra n. 125. HAG and Nirapad, When the Rubber Hits the Road: Local Leadership in the first 100 days of the Rohingya Crisis Response, December 2017, available at https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/17192/pdf/when-the-rubber-hits-the-road.pdf. 252 Cook and Foo, supra n. 249. 253 HAG and Nirapad, supra n. 252. 254 Van Brabant and Patel, supra n. 238. 255 Ibid. 256 COAST Trust, Study on Localisation of Humanitarian Aid in Bangladesh, Focusing Rohingya Response- Business a usual or breaking the status quo?, December 2018, available at https://coastbd.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Aid-Transparecy1.pdf 250 56 Act for Peace / May 2021