AHMR African Human Mobilty Review - Volume 8 No 3, SEP-DEC 2022 Adopting a trauma-informed approach means viewing and engaging with a stateless individual’s behaviours, responses, feelings or emotions and attitudes as a collection of coping skills arising as a response to rights violations and traumatic experiences. For this to be achieved, there is the need for multi-systemic changes and commitments to practices by applying (basic) information of trauma and recovery to design and deliver policies and services. Providing trauma-informed care and services reduces situations and circumstances that can lead to additional harm or rights violations through practices that are not supportive of well-being and recovery. Traumainformed services by any practitioner can increase a stateless person’s ‘choice and control over the course of their recovery and focus on safety, strengths, spiritual and emotional well-being, and the development of trusting relationships’.47 In providing a positive trauma-informed intervention to stateless persons so that they can lead satisfying and fulfilled lives, trauma practitioners must pay attention to their own personal wellness. Providing care and services to wounded persons can result in a variety of psychological reactions that can cause secondary stress disorders and lead to vicarious trauma. Therefore, trauma specialists and other practitioners working with stateless persons ought to take care of themselves and set limits on the levels of emotional energy they can safely exert on their work. VI. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Due to the inadequate linkages with core social, political, and developmental issues, stateless persons remain uncounted and disenfranchised — and their very existence may even be denied. When we observe victims and survivors who have their rights denied and centre their lives or stories based on hierarchies of victimhood, we are perpetuating the unjust belief that there are those who are more deserving [of being heard] through having collective voices. From a quantitative perspective, we acknowledge that multiple cases increase the credibility of the study. However, when using a qualitative approach, a small sample is not generalisable and is a limitation of many studies. The aim of presenting the case example in this paper is to illustrate the wide range of interconnecting yet challenging situations that a stateless person may experience when navigating unjust systems.48 When access to having one’s story recognised is contingent on the stories of many others who travel a similar road but with inaccessible stories, this is in effect a denial of basic truth — that each of us must have interlinking stories to satisfy or ensure acknowledgement of our traumas. Trauma experience is individual, that is, it is based on the meaning that one attaches to it and not what others make of it. Trauma-informed research within statelessness studies calls for these stories to be platformed and amplified in a genuine way49 — Rose Clervil, Kathleen Guarino, Carmela J DeCandia & CA Beach ‘Trauma-informed care for displaced populations: A guide for community-based service providers’ Waltham, MA: The National Center on Family Homelessness, a practice area of American Institutes for Research Health and Social Development Program (2020) 1 at 18. 48 Jeanine Hourani ‘Reclaiming statelessness narratives by resisting “deficit” discourse and amplifying the voices of stateless people’ University of Melbourne (2021) at para 4. 49 Janine Hourani (2021) op cit note 48 at para 7. 47 54