38 Eftychia Mylona cities were created: Port Said in 1859, Ismailia in 1862, and Port Tawfik in 1867. Those cities attracted many migrants to Egypt, primarily from the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Europe but also from France and Great Britain. In addition, many sailors and merchants, among others, passed by or resided in the canal cities, thereby making them, and especially Port Said, well-connected industrial hubs with “cosmopolitan” characters.13 As a project of colonial expansion, the opening of the Suez Canal signaled the “imperial politics of mobility.”14 As Valeska Huber shows in her work, multiple mobilities were manifested in the canal, which emerged within several hierarchies and sovereignties: imperial, local, commercial, and international. The British, as the colonial power at that time in Egypt, and the French-administered Suez Company had an important role in shaping mobility in the canal region. Together with the Egyptian government and its police force, several consulates of the international community, and private mining and shipping companies, among others, these bodies represented the multiple sovereignties and hierarchies at play.15 Colonial and nationalist projects and technological achievements, together with urban development and architecture presented as European accomplishments, became predominant narratives in the historiography of the canal. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars and observers sketched the canal and its cities in utopian and romantic colors, and veiled any political, social, and economic tensions and asymmetries. Lucia Carminati supports the idea that the histories of the canal acted as “outlets for different political projects” painted in nationalist or colonial colors. Such accounts sketched the cities of the canal on a superficial level, as if they were empty of the lived experiences of the people there.16 Accounts of the working-class communities, who were predominant in the cities of the canal, were particularly excluded from those narratives. As I explore below, Greeks’ labor practices were characterized mainly by working-class networks, primarily in the shipping industry and construction, and employed either by the Suez Company or by foreign- or Greek-owned contractor companies. Greeks’ historical experiences, especially in the period of childhood, were shaped by economic and political developments in Egypt and the broader Eastern Mediterranean. In particular, the end of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent formation of the Egyptian state, the Suez Crisis in 1956, the Arab-Israeli Wars in 1967 and 1973, and changes in Egyptian labor laws in the 1950s and 1960s impacted those Greeks who

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