48 Eftychia Mylona
in the shipping industry, the fact that Greeks belonged by citizenship
to a state that was not in conflict with the British or French made them
desirable candidates in periods of political crisis such as World War
II.37
Following the mid-twentieth-century legal changes to work
and residence permits, some companies in the Suez Canal region
conditioned employment on Egyptian citizenship. One of my
interlocutors, Nikolas, who was a former resident of Suez, commented
that companies that specialized in mining, road construction, and
engineering, specifically around the Ataqa Mountain, demanded after
1956 that their employees hold Egyptian citizenship. Nikolas recalled
that his father, who worked as a contract engineer in and outside Suez,
was not requested by the contractor company he worked for to obtain
Egyptian citizenship because he was under a short-term contract. Since
for Nikolas’ father there were no direct implications for not having the
Egyptian citizenship, Nikolas recalled that as a child he did not
experience any instability in his family environment that would have
necessitated relocation or even migration. Despite his young age and
the relative stability of his family, Nikolas was aware of how such laws
influenced other Greeks. He recalls that his father’s colleagues, who
worked at the company for longer periods, were subject to this
condition.38
Egyptian citizenship was supposedly requested by and granted
to employees working for the Suez Company. The archival records I
examined capture this changing status. Several Greek children first
appeared with Greek citizenship on their birth certificates; however,
when they later attended school, they are listed as having Egyptian.
One of these cases is that of Nikolaos Patros, a Greek child born in 1949
in Port Tawfik. According to Nikolaos’ birth certificate, his father was
a migrant from the island of Symi who arrived in Egypt as a Greek
citizen. Nikolaos’ father worked as a sailor (bahhār), for the Suez
Company, as many other Greeks did, since the company was one of the
main employers for Greek migrants. By the time Nikolaos attended
fifth grade at the Suez and Port Tawfik Greek community school in
1960, his citizenship status had changed from Greek to Egyptian, as
stated on his student card. Most likely Nikolaos’ father had requested
and obtained Egyptian citizenship sometime in the late 1950s.
Presumably, his status as an employee of the Suez Company
contributed to his successful naturalization. In turn, Nikolaos was
automatically granted Egyptian citizenship through his father. 39
Nikolaos’ school records ceased with his graduation in 1967.
Though it is clear that Nikolaos held Egyptian citizenship, at this stage