possible356; • prohibition of capital punishment357; • most limited restriction on personal liberty as is possible358; • least possible use of institutionalization359; • provision of education, vocational, or other rehabilitative services360 and attention to special needs of females.361 177. The Neuchâtel Memorandum on Good Practices for Juvenile Justice in a Counterterrorism Context362 provides specific guidance with respect to terrorist contexts. The United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines)363 and United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (the Havana Rules)364 are additional standards on justice for children. They include the right to an identity and a nationality, the right to grow up in a family environment and the right to special protection when deprived of that family environment, as well as the right to legal counsel, to be held separately from adults unless in their 356 Ibid., rules 13(1), 13(2). 357 Ibid., rule 17(2). 358 Ibid., rule 17(1). 359 Ibid., rule 19(1) 360 Ibid., rule 24(1). 361 Ibid., rule 26(4). 362 Global Counterterrorism Forum, Neuchâtel Memorandum on Good Practices for Juvenile Justice in a Counterterrorism Context, available at www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/ Documents/Toolkit-documents/English-Neuchâtel-Memorandum-on-Juvenile-Justice.pdf 363 General Assembly resolution 45/112 (1990), United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, available at www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r112.htm (the Riyadh Guidelines). 364 General Assembly resolution 45/113 (1990), United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, available at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/JuvenilesDeprivedOfLiberty.aspx. 80. best interests and to receive services while in detention. 178. Importantly, to ensure effective implementation of these rights, it is critical that personnel involved in the administration of juvenile justice are competent and have proper training. They should also be informed about each child’s individual circumstances, as well as the needs of the most vulnerable children.365 Example from France—Educating professionals working with children The Government of France has a small group of trainers who provide training for all professionals, such as judges, who work with children affected by the foreign fighter phenomenon. The trainers include judges and psychologists. Training covers information about the trauma suffered by children and the reality of life in conflict zones. This training was found to be helpful as it enables children to establish better relationships with these professionals if the latter is aware of what each child has gone through. Detention as a last resort 179. Children should be detained only as a last resort, for the shortest possible period of time. They should not be deprived of liberty for protective purposes. Regardless of the nature of the charges against them, children should not be detained for administrative purposes. Children formerly associated with armed groups 365 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 24 (2019), para. 40.