The Syrian Initiative to Combat Statelessness 34 any restrictions on women’s movement in the cities of Raqqa and al-Bab. However, fear of the arrest campaigns carried out by the regime in addition to the constant bombing and battles in the aforementioned areas affected their movement somewhat. The control of ISIS over the cities of Al-Bab and Al-Raqqa is the stage of transformation for the freedom of Syrian women, as the organization imposed many restrictions on women, including not moving in the city without a male companion “Forbidden”22 or within a group of women, as it was impossible for women to travel alone outside the city. There have been many cases of arrests of girls and their parents in “Al-Hisbah”23,and cases of flogging. As for the liberation of the two cities from the control of the organization and the control of the opposition forces over them, matters returned to their state before the occupation of the organization. Also, women’s awareness of their rights and duties was increased which helped them exercise their freedom more than before the revolution. The increase in the number of displaced people within the city of Al-Bab in particular has contributed to increasing integration between families and getting acquainted with the cultures of the other Syrian cities. While in Raqqa there are no longer restrictions on freedom of movement for women, the large number of military checkpoints on the roads is an obstacle for all, not just women. Freedom of movement 1 = Very Bad 5 = Very Good Before the revolution During the revolution Al-Bab During ISIS After ISIS Al-Raqqa | Freedom to dress The issue of dressing for women in most Syrian cities is linked to customs and traditions. There was no specific custom for dressing before and 22 Forbidden: the adult male companion, and he must be a first-degree female relative (husband, father, nephew, grandson). 23 Hisbah: Islamic Police.

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