S TAT E L E S S B Y D E C R E E Endnotes 32. United Nations, Human Rights Council, Fi�y-third Session - Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 13 July 2023, 53/16. The right to a nationality: equality in nationality rights in law and in practice, 19 June-14 July 2023, https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/ RES/53/16#:~:text=remain%20unresolved%20to%20this%20day, and%20may%20pose%20a%20barrier , accessed 12 November 2025 33. See Appendix 3 - Civil society condemnation of the GoKʼs citizenship stripping campaign. 34. Constitute Project - (Constitution of) Kuwait, 1962 (reinst. 1992), at https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Kuwait_1992, accessed 1 May 2025. Article 4 asserts that Kuwait is a “hereditary Amirate” based on the rulership of Mubarak al-Sabah (1837-1915), while Article 6 asserts that the “system of government is democratic” and that sovereignty is “vested in the nation”. Article 7 states that “Justice, freedom and quality are the pillars of society [...]”, which Article 8 bolsters by asserting that the State shall “Preserve the pillars of society and shall guarantee security, tranquility and equal opportunity to all citizens.” 35. Aziz Abu-Hamad / Human Rights Watch - The Bidoons of Kuwait / Citizens without Citizenship, August 1995, https://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/Kuwait.htm , accessed 19 June 2022. The report adds: “It cites international instruments such as the Hague Conventions of 1930 as granting states full discretion in determining who should be their nationals. However, while this principle is accepted as a general rule167, it has been also widely accepted that certain limits do pertain to this discretion.168 For example, limitations are set on involuntary termination of nationality, both to prevent statelessness and in recognition that denationalization can be an instrument of discrimination based on race, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.169” 36. Aspects of the engagement with the then Prime Minister are reflected in Amnesty International - Kuwait: The ʻWithoutsʼ of Kuwait: Nationality for stateless Bidun now, 16 September 2013, at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde17/001/2013/en/ , accessed 26 November 2025 37. UK Government - Home Office - Upper Tribunal - Immigration and Asylum Chamber Kuwait CG / country guidance [2013] UKUT 00356(IAC), NM - documented/undocumented Bidoon: risk, published 24 July 2013, https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/38984 , accessed 20 December 2025 38. The Times / Kuwait - Decree issued amending Article (16) of Kuwaiti nationality law, 31 December 2024, https://timeskuwait.com/decree-issued-amending-article-16-of-kuwaitinationality-law/, accessed 16 December 2025 39. On the 1959 law, see UNHCR / Refworld - Kuwait Nationality Law, , Refworld, https:// www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/1959/en/17674, accessed 20 November 2025 40. UK Government - Home Office - Upper Tribunal - Immigration and Asylum Chamber Kuwait CG / country guidance [2013] UKUT 00356(IAC), NM - documented/undocumented Bidoon: risk, published 24 July 2013, https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/38984 , accessed 20 December 2025 76