CONTENTS — CONTINUED Scope and operation of citizenship revocations in 2024–2025 TEXT BOX 4 31 31 Operationalisation of citizenship for political outcomes 35 How do people find out that their citizenship has been revoked? SNAPSHOT 1 Article 8 revocations and gendered violations 37 SNAPSHOT 2 Intergenerational Injustice - Punishing Descendents 42 SNAPSHOT 3 Article 13 revocations, including retaliation linked to the exercise of freedom of expression and opinion 43 SNAPSHOT 4 Those made stateless, re-made stateless or at risk of statelessness 44 SNAPSHOT 5 Psychological and social harm 45 SNAPSHOT 6 Lack of redress and intersectional impacts 46 TEXT BOX 5 Examples of types of populations targeted for citizenship revocation and sample impacts 47 M e a s u r e s t a k e n to l e s s e n t h e i m p a c t o f t h e c i t i z e n s h i p r e vo c a t i o n c a m p a i g n 48 S c a l e o f R e vo c a t i o n s: g e n e r a l t i m e l i n e a n d k e y m o m e n t s 49 Conclusion: whither accountability for placing thousands in a state of exception? 52 Recommendations 55 To the Government of Kuwait 55 To the EU and its member states and the United Kingdom 56 To the OHCHR and UNHCR 57 Appendices 58 APPENDIX 1 Kuwait - Various and select population characteristics at a glance 58 APPENDIX 2 Select chronology of citizenship-related measures up to March 2024 and the initiation of the citizenship revocation campaign 59 APPENDIX 3 Civil society condemnation of the GoK’s citizenship stripping campaign up to July 2025 61 APPENDIX 4 (Unscientific or proxy) Sample selection of citizenship revocation events based on open source reporting, March 2024 - December 2025 63 APPENDIX 5 Overview of Kuwait’s international human rights commitments and recommendations under the Theme: Rights related to name, identity & nationality, from the 4th Cycle of the UPR, 2025 69 E n d n o te s 73 5