Issues for Serbia and address recommendations to the Government of Serbia to further prevent and reduce the problem of childhood statelessness in the country. 2. This submission draws on the extensive experience in providing free legal aid, monitoring and research carried out by Praxis in Serbia through its statelessness related projects. Since 2012, Praxis has been a member of the European Network on Statelessness (ENS) and thus further acted in the field of statelessness issue through various advocacy and research activities, as well as statelessness-oriented campaigns. Praxis has continuously engaged with the CRC reporting process including through submitting information to the Republic of Serbia to assist with its preparations to submit its combined Second and Third Periodic Report on the implementation of the CRC; and through contributing to an Alternative Report on the general implementation of the CRC in Serbia, which also addressed the main problems related to nationality and was prepared by the Coalition for Monitoring Child Rights. 3. The Submission also draws on the Institute’s and ENS’ expertise in this area. The Institute is committed to helping promote children’s right to a nationality, establishing it as one of its five thematic priorities. As part of this work, the Institute has developed a set of tools, to strengthen engagement on children's right to a nationality with the Committee on the Rights of the Child, including a fact sheet summarising state parties' obligations in respect of children's right to a nationality under the CRC, a draft Policy Paper discussing the work of the Committee in promoting children's right to a nationality and how this can be strengthened, and an analytical database of the Concluding Observations of the Committee which relate to children's right to a nationality.8 Furthermore, the Institute is also an expert partner for the campaign by the European Network on Statelessness, entitled None of Europe's children should be stateless. This campaign aims to promote the enjoyment of a nationality – and thereby the prevention of statelessness – by all children who are born in Europe or who are born to European parents in other parts of the world. 4. This submission has been structured to highlight issues which may be included in the List of Issues by including them in text boxes under each substantive section, and recommendations which may be drawn on for the Committees Concluding Observations by listing them at the very end of the text. For the Committee’s convenience, an annex to this submission includes English translations of all relevant legal provisions. A list of bylaws is also included. These bylaws are not available in English, nor are the instructions and opinions of relevant ministries mentioned in the submission. However, if the Committee so requires, the submitting organisations will be able to do an unofficial translation of these bylaws, and share them with the Committee. The Report of Serbia to the Committee 5. The Republic of Serbia’s Second and Third Periodic Report to the Committee provided an overview of Serbia’s performance in relation to birth registration, the right to a name and nationality (Article 7 of the Convention, and the Committees recommendations 33 and 34 under its previous review of Serbia).9 The state report highlights the main improvements in this area and claims that the Law on Registry Books and accompanying bylaws contributed to improving the exercise of the right to birth registration regardless of whether the child’s parents are known or unknown, the child is without parental care or adopted, and whether the birth registration is entered within or after the legal time frame for registration. The adoption of the Law on Amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees,10 also improved the child’s right to birth registration, while the birth registration procedure was also regulated in more detail by the Instruction on Administering the Birth Registry Books and Their Forms.11 The report also states 8 All of these resources can be found at: www.InstituteSI.org/children 9 CRC/C/SRB/CO/1 10 The Law on Amendments to the Law on Republic Administrative Fees, the Official Gazette of RS, 50/2011 The Instruction was issued on 7 April 2011 by the Ministry for Human and Minority Rights, Public Administration and Local SelfGovernment 11 2