Biometric Technology at the Borders of Citizenship 339 own money and theoretically “contribute to the economy” of the place where they decide to (temporarily) settle and work remotely from. This is precisely why most Global North countries are racing to attract this nomadism, not least through “golden visas” and tax breaks, and codify the legal frameworks applicable thereto. However, as the phenomenon is set to grow steadily at all latitudes, contentions will soon arise on how to apportion the income of such individuals, just like debates have unfolded for decades (and not settled yet) on how to apportion the profits of multinational corporations with all their subsidiaries operating worldwide. To that end, federated protocols in income-tracking standards might prove of assistance:14 each State could upload their taxed-at-source income related to an individual, so that other States could both be aware of such income and avoid to double-tax it. In turn, the corporations that digital nomads work for should agree on a technical standard that enables them to share such – and only such – data with their State of incorporation. A multistakeholder approach on the model of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group which formed a quarter of century ago between core ICT companies such as Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, and IBM (Grillo and de Vries 2023) is therefore recommended, to ensure that the benefits of standardisation are shared as widely as possible among impending and potential industry actors, which would in turn foster States’ ability to apportion tax entitlements from global profits successfully. Major regulators such as the European Commission (2022, 111;120) as well as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other norm-setting organisations (WU Global Tax Policy Center 2022, 21) seem to be working towards such solutions already, not least by hosting debates among an unprecedent variety of public and private stakeholders. One more relatively recent phenomenon that this to-be-developed standard should cater for is that of cryptocurrencies; this would, however, take me too far, and is best suited for a self-standing paper. I was writing supra that in the case of stateless individuals, providing them with travel documents that attest to their identity while not officially granting them or confirming their citizenship is going to help only to a very limited extent, in that several governments can be expected to not take such documents seriously enough – especially whenever the need of cross-border cooperation about such individuals arises. When it comes to digital nomads, the situation is reversed, and higher visafree informality is often called for, with not only citizenship, but even identity information being depicted as unnecessary (Khanna 2021): The origin of the passport is much less as a restrictive symbol of exclusive identity than a simple laissez passer: a request for safe passage. So how can we return to a world where passports don’t stand for who you are, but simply identify you on your way to where you’re going? The 14 More on federated standards at (World Bank Group 2017, 5–6).