2020 Statelessness & Citizenship Review 2(2) opinion to civil registrars confirming this position, which is unfortunately not public. 60 3 The Asylum Authorities 61 (a) Application of Art 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention to Persons Previously Resident in UNRWA’s Area of Operation An application for international protection should be filed at an arrival centre in Brussels where the Immigration Office will register it. The Immigration Office will also investigate ‘whether Belgium is responsible for processing the application for international protection’, according to the Dublin Regulation. 62 If Belgium is responsible, the asylum application is sent to the office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless (‘CGRS’) to be examined on its merits. Despite its name, which suggests that it is competent for statelessness determination, the CGRS is exclusively competent for asylum decision-making. In a single procedure, the CGRS will first examine whether the applicant fulfils the eligibility criteria for refugee status. If the applicant does not meet these criteria, the CGRS will automatically examine whether the applicant is eligible for subsidiary protection. An appeal can be lodged with the CALL. This administrative court may confirm the CGRS’ decision (the decision remains unchanged), amend it (the decision is changed) or annul it (the CGRS must conduct a new investigation). With the final decision made by the CALL, the procedure for international protection ends. As for any other administrative procedure, there is the possibility of lodging an appeal with the Council of State (on key legal issues only, there is no factual appreciation). Following the Court of Justice of the European Union’s decisions in Bolbol v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal 63 and Mostafa Abed El Karem El Kott v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal, 64 CALL 65 considers that for beneficiaries of UNRWA assistance, it should be assessed whether return is 60 61 62 63 64 65 Advice on Granting Belgian Nationality (n 57). BADIL Handbook (n 2) 91–102; Marjan Claes, ‘Niet-erkende Beschermingsnood van Palestijnse Vluchtelingen uit Libanon: De Toepassing van Artikel 1D Vluchtelingenverdrag in de Belgische Asielprocedure’ [‘The Unrecognised Need for Protection of Palestinian Refugees from Lebanon: The Application of Article 1D of the Refugee Convention in the Belgian Asylum Procedure’] (2014) 1 Tijschrift voor Vreemdelingenrecht 52 <https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/tvreemd/2014-1/niet-erkende-beschermingsnoodvan-palestijnse-vluchtelingen-uit-libanon-de-toepassing-van-artikel-1d/index.html>; NANSEN Note (n 2); NANSEN Note Addendum (n 2). ‘Asylum Procedure’, Fedasil (Web Page) <https://www.fedasil.be/en/asylumbelgium/asylum-procedure>; Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 Establishing the Criteria and Mechanisms for Determining the Member State Responsible for Examining an Application for International Protection Lodged in One of the Member States by a Third-Country National or a Stateless Person [2013] OJ L 180/31 (‘Dublin Regulation’). (C-31/09) [2010] ECR 5572 (‘Bolbol Judgment’) <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62009CJ0031&qid=1606614814722>. (Court of Justice of the European Union, C-364/11, 19 December 2012) <https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CJ0364&qid=1606615143512>. The appellate administrative authority in asylum matters. 310