aspects of establishing the existence of the above-mentioned circumstances are dealt with in Part III. Personal circumstances of applicant 24. The personal circumstances of the applicant are relevant to the determination of whether one of the objective reasons exists to justify the application of the second paragraph of Article 1D. Thus, each claim must be determined on its individual merits, enabling consideration of factors that are specific to the applicant.54 These personal circumstances may include age, sex, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity, health, disability, civil status, family situation and relationships, social or other vulnerabilities, ethnic, cultural or religious considerations, political and social links and compatibility, language abilities, and any past experiences of serious harm and its psychological effects. Internal relocation 25. The protection or assistance of UNRWA will not be considered to have ceased if an individual is able to access and receive protection or assistance from UNRWA elsewhere in the same UNRWA area of operation. For example, if a camp is destroyed by an armed attack and the protection or assistance of UNRWA is as a matter of fact available elsewhere within another part of that country or territory, and the individual has access to that protection or assistance, then the second paragraph of Article 1D would not be satisfied without additional factors. However, it cannot be expected that the applicant relocate (or be returned) to a different country or territory where he or she has no previous connection.55 Sur place protection needs 26. A sur place claim arises after arrival in the country of asylum, either as a result of the applicant’s activities in the country of asylum or as a consequence of events, which have occurred or are occurring in the applicant’s country of origin since their departure.56 The recognition of sur place claims of Palestinian refugees under Article 1D is in line with general principles of international refugee law applicable to Article 1 of the 1951 Convention that accept sur place refugee claims, recognizing that changes in the country of origin whilst abroad may make them a refugee.57 For example, should the mandate or activities of UNRWA cease as described in paragraph 22 above while the individual is outside UNRWA’s area of operation, she or he would qualify for 1951 Convention protection under Article 1D. requires both would lead to perverse results. For example, if an applicant’s personal safety is at serious risk, the assistance provided by UNRWA in the form of cash or food rations would be irrelevant to their need for protection. 54 An exception would be in circumstances where UNRWA has ceased to operate as an agency (see paragraph 22(i) above). 55 UNHCR, Guidelines on International Protection No. 4: "Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative" Within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 23 July 2003, HCR/GIP/03/04, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f2791a44.html. 56 UNHCR Handbook, note 47 above, paras 94-96. 57 Ibid.. There is no reason to apply a different approach to Palestinian applicants under Article 1D. 13