from citizenship to stateless citizenship165 to developments in critical social science research on this community.21 Importantly, he does not take a solutions-based approach to the question of Palestinians in Israel. More interested in “the lessons of history than the perils of the future,” Pappé’s treatment of the historical development of the Palestinians who remained in their homeland after the newly established Jewish state constantly points to their complex relationship with the dispersed Palestinian nation, the Zionist movement and its institutions, and the broader Arab society (Pappé 2011, 11). For instance, Pappé details the 1956 Kufr Qassem Massacre where forty-eight Palestinian villagers were killed and thirteen wounded by Israeli soldiers for unknowingly violating an amended curfew whose time had been changed from 9 p.m. to 5 p.m. only hours before. He explains that this massacre, whose public coverage was largely censored by the military and state institutions at the time and whose known perpetrators escaped serious punishment, was committed on the eve of the Israeli, French and British military invasion of the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip, which launched the 1956 Suez War. But significantly, this massacre was also later officially justified by the Israeli government as a response to the Palestinian Fida’i, a volunteer-based guerrilla group composed of expelled Palestinian refugees (Pappé 2011, 55–57). The ways in which Palestinian citizens are viewed as an extension of the broader Palestinian and Arab nation, as opposed to part of the Israeli social fabric, in the Zionist mindset becomes apparent here. What is revealed is that a massacre of the Palestinian-Arab villagers of Kufr Qassem, living in Israel and part of its citizenry, was not actually a product of the actions of those villagers. Instead, it was prompted by Israel’s attack with its European allies on a neighbouring Arab state and illuminate the problematic dynamics of state-minority relations in Israel and the forms of Arab minority nationalism that surface as a result. The second book, published in June 2011 is Ilan Pappé’s The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel and is discussed here. The third, published in July 2011 is Women in Israel: Race Gender and Citizenship by Nahla Abdo. This book focuses specifically on the question of Israeli citizenship from a Marxist-feminist perspective and analyses the structural, institutional and operational dynamics of the state as part of a settler-colonial regime. Through critical comparisons of the social, cultural, political and economic realities of female Israeli citizens, including Palestinian, Mizrahi and Ashkenazi, Abdo articulates the processes of exclusion, racialization and exploitation that simultaneously disenfranchise women in Israel. It is briefly discussed below. 21 Pappé’s previous research on Israel and Palestine also produced The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (2006), a key resource for students and observers of the conflict. It meticulously outlines the historical events of 1948 through first-hand statements and documentation of the Zionist movement’s systematic destruction and ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian population in their homeland.