29.5.1990 Decree No. 90-347 of 29 May 1990 implementing Law No. 90-437  04.08.1998 Law No. 98-488 of 4 August 1998 relative to the Identification of Persons and Entry and Stay of Foreigners in Côte d’Ivoire     12.08.1998 Decree No. 98-471 of 12 August 1998 (further modified Decree No. 67-86 of 1967)   12.08.1998 Decree No. 98-472 of 12 August 1998 amending Law No. 90-437 2000 31.05.2000 Decree No. 2000-419 of 31  issued pursuant to this law, which serves as a legal ID card. Article 2 specified that all foreign residency permits must be renewed every one to two years depending on a foreigner’s country of origin (i.e., ECOWAS Member State citizens were to renew their residency permit every two years). First law that combined rules for identification of Ivorian nationals alongside those for foreigners. For nationals: confirmed role of CNI for identification of Ivorian nationals; announces that all ID cards issued pursuant to Law No. 62-64 and implementing decree would no longer be valid after 1 January 2000. For foreigners: Created a new scheme of foreign residency permits to distinguish the country of origin as follows:  “ECOWAS resident cards” (carte de résident CEDEAO);  “Resident cards” (carte de résident) for non-ECOWAS nationals; and  “Special resident cards” (carte de résident spécial) for those from countries with reciprocity agreements. Set the rate for ECOWAS resident cards (and those who benefit from reciprocity agreements) at 15,000 CFA Francs, and the fees for non-ECOWAS resident cards at 150,000 CFA Francs. For the first time, this decree made it a categorical requirement that all persons submitting a first-time request to obtain an Ivorian ID card submit as documentary proof not only a copy of a birth certificate or jugement supplétif, but also a certificate of residence, a nationality certificate specifically delivered by a competent judge where the individual is requesting a national ID card, and copies of the national ID cards of the person’s parents (or at least one of them) or a copy of a parent’s naturalization decree where relevant. Signalled Bédié’s objective of exerting stringent control over the Ivorian background and origins of those requesting and obtaining CNIs. Made minor amendments to the procedures for foreigners to obtain a foreign residence permit.  Production of second-generation ID cards came to a halt with the coup of December 1999.  In 2000, General Robert Guéï created a new body responsible for identification called the Centre National d’Identification Sécuritaire (National Center on Secure Identification, or CNIS).  General Guéï also signed a series of ordinances that allowed for informal administrative certificates, or receipts, for individuals requesting CNIs or foreigner resident cards to temporarily replace formal ID documents otherwise required by law.  In practice, the CNIS never issued CNIs due to the political crisis.  2000 marked the beginning of an era of informal and highly discretionary identification of nationals and foreigners.  Suspended Decree No. 98-471 and created a two-year 75