Migration policy framework for Africa and plan of action (2018 – 2030) smuggling and other forms of international organised crime, including human trafficking, and can adversely affect national and international stability and security. In regards to migrant smuggling strengthened transnational cooperation and legal frameworks are essential responses. Migrant smuggling can be prevented by expanding legal migration pathways and raising awareness on its dangers. It is furthermore recommended to enhance the identification of migrant smuggling cases, and the investigation and prosecution of migrant smugglers while ensuring the protection of the smuggled migrants’ rights. The core element of human trafficking is the fact that the victim is deprived of her/his will and is forced into slaverylike conditions or involuntary servitude. It is thus imperative to improve the identification of trafficked persons and grant them protection and assistance. In this regard Member States are urged to align their national legislations and counter trafficking strategies with international conventions and protocols. Further recommended strategies include prevention through awareness-raising among the public as well as state actors, providing assistance and protection to trafficked persons, improving prosecution and investigation, and increasing international cooperation and partnership. Effective and sustainable return and readmission of irregular migrants requires cooperation and mutual understanding between states of origin and destination, and should not jeopardise the free movement of persons on the Continent. Reintegration refers to the process of reincorporating a person into their community or state of origin, and may, inter alia, involve socio-economic assistance and cooperation with the 12 community the person is returning to. Reintegration can be an important strategy to prevent further irregular migration. Addressing irregular migration and establishing comprehensive migration management systems can contribute to enhancing national and international security and stability. However, it remains paramount to uphold the rights of all migrants, asylum seekers and refugees during all stages of the migration process, and enhanced security measures should serve to uphold these rights. Forced Displacement is addressed in terms of the specific groups that constitute displaced people: refugees and asylumseekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and stateless persons. A number of strategies, including integration and reintegration as well as crisis prevention, management and conflict resolution, play an important role in addressing displacement. Since forced displacement is closely linked to conflict, both as a consequence and as a potential cause of further conflict, it should be addressed through national, regional and continental dialogue and cooperation, with a view to prevent and manage conflict. African States have a long tradition of hospitality towards refugees and asylum-seekers and have developed legal frameworks governing aspects of refugee protection specific to Africa. Nevertheless, Member States are encouraged to enhance national efforts to fulfil international protection obligations. This also includes enabling appropriate and humane screening of asylum-seekers at borders, referral to competent authorities, providing durable solutions (voluntary repatriation, local integration, resettlement) to